Research on the Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources of Jinan City

Abstract

The study on the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city is a research hotspot in the urban sustainable development field. How to use a scientific and rational evaluation index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city and then guide the development and utilization of water resources becomes particularly important. Based on the theory of sustainable development this study introduces the method, basic steps and evaluation indexes of the assessment of the development and utilization of water resources. By systemic analyzing the exploitation and utilization standards of water resources and economy and society in Jinan city, the evaluation and index system of sustainable utilization of water resources in Jinan city can be constructed and index weight can be confirmed, and then, the standard of sustainable utilization of water resources in different years can be analyzed comparably. Thus, the deficiency of lack of reflection of coordination extent in water resources development standard, society and economy in traditional evaluation method is settled efficiently. The paper takes the sustainable utilization of water resources of Qingdao City in 2008 as the standard to compare and assess the water resources utilization in Jinan City. The paper also collects data of water resources in Jinan City from 2001 to 2007. The result indicates that evaluation method is of feasibility and it is effective to the implementation of sustainable utilization strategy water resources in Jinan City.     

离子型水面溢油凝油剂的制备与性能研究

以壳聚糖、十四酰氯、氯乙酸为主要原料,合成了一种离子型壳聚糖水面溢油凝油剂,并用IR对其结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:当壳聚糖:十四碳脂肪酸酰氯:氯乙酸的摩尔比为11∶.51∶.5时,得到的凝油剂具有较好的凝油性能和较强的适应性,用于水面柴油、机油、苯、二甲苯的回收处理,不但回收处理效果好,而且基本不受水盐度的影响。     

MAMA双功能螯合剂前体的合成及结构表征

双功能螯合剂在放射性药物的研究、合成、应用,特别是在生物分子的放射性标记方面发挥着极为重要的作用.本文采用简易方法合成了MAMA双功能螯合剂前体,N-(2"-对甲氧苄巯乙基)-2-[(2'-对甲氧苄巯乙基)氨基]乙酰胺,并通过Uv-vis、IR、1HNMR、MS以及元素分析等对其结构组成进行了确证;同时,利用Gaussian 03W程序对其进行了结构优化描述,并计算了相应的分子能量.此外,对制备得到的前体进行了稳定化处理,将其转化为盐酸盐形式,并用IR、1HNMR等进行了检验,确定了此处理是合理可行的.     

区域可持续发展战略规划的理论与方法研究

实施区域可持续发展战略规划是落实科学发展观的需要。结合广东省江门市可持续战略规划的实践,对可持续发展规划的概念、内涵、基本框架以及技术流程进行探讨。基本结论是：区域可持续发展战略规划应以“环境社会系统”全新的视角,回答一个区域该如何化解“三大供需矛盾”,消除“三大危机”,提高区域可持续发展能力的问题;对区域环境社会系统这类开放型复杂巨系统进行可持续发展战略决策,需采用专家经验与计算机建模相结合、反复试错、多元互动的综合集成方法。     

Time aggregation of nitrogen leaching in relation to critical threshold values

Leaching of nitrate contributes to the deterioration of groundwater and can consequently have a negative influence on the quality of our drinking water. Critical threshold values for nitrogen leaching are established to preserve groundwater quality. A critical threshold value for nitrate leaching of 50 mg 1⁻¹ (11.3 mg N 1⁻¹), similar to the drinking water standard, serves as a threshold value for European countries. However, the temporal aggregation scale on which this threshold value should be considered is unknown. A well tested simulation model was used to evaluate the exceedance of the threshold value at different time aggregation levels, ranging from one day till 30 yr. For three different soil structure types within one soil type and a selected fertilisation regime, the aggregated nitrogen leaching over 30 yr was 11.4, 19.2 and 10.6 mg 1⁻¹. Considering an aggregation level of one day, the critical threshold value of 11.3 mg N 1⁻¹ was exceeded 2973, 5801 and 2556 times, respectively, for the three structure types during 30 yr. By considering other time aggregation levels, a clear relation resulted between time aggregation level and the number of time elements during which the critical level was exceeded. Results strongly indicate that a critical threshold value for leaching should include an associated time-aggregation level.     

吸附相反应技术制备微弱光响应的多组分掺杂TiO2催化剂

利用弱光(紫外和可见)激发Ti O2光降解污染物是拓展多相光催化实际应用的关键之一.以吸附相反应技术为基础,利用N掺杂以及共掺杂两种方式制备多组分Ti O2光催化剂,并研究其在弱光下光降解甲基橙的过程.结合紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线衍射、X射线电子能谱以及光致发光光谱等表征手段,探索焙烧温度、N掺杂量以及共掺杂对催化剂光吸收和可见光响应拓展的影响,进而研究弱光下催化剂活性的变化规律.结果发现,N掺杂可以显著增强催化剂的光吸收,从而显著提升其在弱紫外光下光降解甲基橙催化活性,所有N掺杂催化剂的活性均优于商用P25光催化剂.N掺杂对催化剂的可见光响应拓展作用不大,因而单一N掺杂后大部分催化剂在弱可见光下没有活性,仅5%N掺杂催化剂在900℃热处理后有微弱活性.N和Fe2O3二元耦合形成的共掺杂催化剂中,两者之间的协同作用既增强了复合光催化剂的光吸收,也显著拓展了催化剂的可见光响应,因而得到了在弱可见光下具有良好活性的复合光催化剂.     

MgO-based adsorbents for CO2 adsorption: Influence of structural and textural properties on the CO2 adsorption performance

A series of MgO-based adsorbents were prepared through solution–combustion synthesis and ball-milling process.The prepared MgO-based powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,N_2 physisorption measurements,and employed as potential adsorbents for CO_2 adsorption.The influence of structural and textural properties of these adsorbents over the CO_2 adsorption behaviour was also investigated.The results showed that MgO-based products prepared by solution–combustion and ball-milling processes,were highly porous,fluffy,nanocrystalline structures in nature,which are unique physico-chemical properties that significantly contribute to enhance their CO_2 adsorption.It was found that the MgO synthesized by solution combustion process,using a molar ratio of urea to magnesium nitrate(2:1),and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr(MgO-BM2.5h),exhibited the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 1.611 mmol/g at 25℃ and 1 atm,mainly via chemisorption.The CO_2 adsorption behaviour on the MgO-based adsorbents was correlated to their improved specific surface area,total pore volume,pore size distribution and crystallinity.The reusability of synthesized MgO-BM2.5h was confirmed by five consecutive CO_2adsorption–desorption times,without any significant loss of performance,that supports the potential of MgO-based adsorbent.The results confirmed that the special features of MgO prepared by solution–combustion and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr are favorable to be used as effective MgO-based adsorbent in post-combustion CO_2 capture technologies.     

Photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutant under visible light by green route synthesized gold nanoparticles

We report a rapid method of green chemistry approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)using Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf extract(LSE). L. speciosa plant extract is known for its effective treatment of diabetes and kidney related problems. The green synthesis of Au NPs was complete within 30 min at 25°C. The same could also be achieved within 2 min at a higher reaction temperature(80°C). Both UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that the morphology and size distribution of Au NPs are dependent on the pH of gold solution,gold concentration,volume of LSE,and reaction time and temperature. Comparison between Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)spectra of LSE and the synthesized Au NPs indicate an active role of polyphenolic functional groups(from gallotannins,lagerstroemin,and corosolic acid)in the green synthesis and capping of Au NPs. The green route synthesized Au NPs show strong photocatalytic activity in the reduction of dyes viz.,methylene blue,methyl orange,bromophenol blue and bromocresol green,and 4-nitrophenol under visible light in the presence of Na BH_4. The non-toxic and cost effective LSE mediated Au NPs synthesis proposed in this study is extremely rapid compared to the other reported methods that require hours to days for complete synthesis of Au NPs using various plant extracts. Strong and stable photocatalytic behavior makes Au NPs attractive in environmental applications,particularly in the reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater.     

In situ synthesis of potassium tungstophosphate supported on BEA zeolite and perspective application for pesticide removal

Potassium tungstophosphate is supported on BEA zeolite by in situ synthesis for glyphosate removal. Spectroscopic measurements identified hydrogen bonding as a primal interaction of potassium salt and BEA zeolite. Composites are evaluated for glyphosate herbicide removal and adsorption process is analyzed using two isotherm models. Obtained adsorption capacities for all prepared composites lay between 45.2 and 92.2?mg of glyphosate per gram of investigated composite. Suspension acidity revealed that glyphosate is adsorbed mainly in the zwitter-ion form at the composite surface while the amount of potassium salt in the composites is crucial for the adsorption application. Exceptional adsorption behavior is postulated to come from a high degree of homogeneity among surface active sites which is confirmed by different experimental methods. Temperature programmed desorption of glyphosate coupled with mass spectrometer detected one broad, high-temperature peak which represents overlapped desorption processes from active sights of similar strength. Introduction of potassium tungstophosphate affects active sites present in BEA zeolite for glyphosate desorption and significantly increases the amount of adsorbed pesticide in comparison to BEA zeolite. Supporting of potassium tungstophosphate on BEA zeolite via in situ synthesis procedure enables the formation of highly efficient adsorbents and revealed their perspective environmental application.     

基于三维动力学模型及试验数据重用技术的全箭模态分析

目的在运载火箭设计过程中,获得精确的全箭模态数据,为火箭总体设计提供关键输入参数。方法针对全箭动特性数据的高效高精度获取问题,提出并实践基于三维动力学模型和试验数据重用相结合的模态参数获取方法,包括高精度全箭三维动力学模型建模技术、数据重用技术、多状态模型修正技术、模型综合技术。结果解决了界面连接刚度未知条件下的全箭模态精确预示难题。在设计阶段给出了高精度的动特性数据,分析结果与靶场试验结果比对,一阶弯曲频率误差在2%以内,斜率误差在4%以内,分析结果通过了靶场竖立模态试验验证,最后进一步通过型号首飞成功验证。结论靶场竖立模态试验验证和型号首飞成功验证说明提出的获取全箭动特性参数方法高效可靠。