蛋壳煅烧合成羟基磷灰石的制备及表征

以蛋壳为原料,磷酸钙为反应剂,采用煅烧合成工艺,可简单快速地制备羟基磷灰石（HA）粉体材料。实验结果表明,煅烧粉体中羟基磷灰石的含量强烈依赖于煅烧工艺的加热速率,当加热速率为6℃/min时,可获得较高羟基磷灰石含量的复合粉体。该工艺提供了环境友好和低成本的羟基磷灰石等生物材料的制备方法,可有效提高蛋壳加工利用技术的附加值。     

三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯合成废渣中氯化钠的回收

采用浸取—抽滤分离—减压蒸发—结晶的方法处理三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)合成废渣,回收其中的氯化钠。通过单因素实验和正交实验探讨了液固比、浸取温度、搅拌时间对氯化钠回收率的影响。实验结果表明,在浸取温度为30℃、搅拌时间为30 min、液固比为15的最佳工艺条件下,氯化钠回收率为81.53%。回收氯化钠产品符合GB/T 5462—2003《工业盐》精制工业盐一级标准。采用本工艺每处理1 t TAIC合成废渣可节约费用3 064元,经济效益显著。     

Metabolism of nC11 fatty acid fed to Trichoderma koningii and Penicillium janthinellum II: Production of intracellular and extracellular lipids

Abstract

Little is known about the fungal metabolism of nC₁₀ and nC₁₁ fatty acids and their conversion into lipids. A mixed batch culture of soil fungi, T. koningii and P. janthinellum, was grown on undecanoic acid (UDA), a mixture of UDA and potato dextrose broth (UDA+PDB), and PDB alone to examine their metabolic conversion during growth. We quantified seven intracellular and extracellular lipid classes using Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to quantify 42 individual fatty acids. Per 150 mL culture, the mixed fungal culture grown on UDA+PDB produced the highest amount of intracellular (531 mg) and extracellular (14.7 mg) lipids during the exponential phase. The content of total intracellular lipids represented 25% of the total biomass-carbon, or 10% of the total biomass dry weight produced. Fatty acids made up the largest class of intracellular lipids (457 mg/150 mL culture) and they were synthesized at a rate of 2.4 mg/h during the exponential phase, and decomposed at a rate of 1.8 mg/h during the stationary phase, when UDA+PDB was the carbon source. Palmitic acid (C_16:0), stearic acid (C_18:0), oleic acid (C_18:1), linoleic acid (C_18:2) and vaccenic acid (C_18:1) accounted for >80% of the total intracellular fatty acids. During exponential growth on UDA+PDB, hydrocarbons were the largest pool of all extracellular lipids (6.5 mg), and intracellularly they were synthesized at a rate of 64 μg/h. The mixed fungal species culture of T. koningii and P. janthinellum produced many lipids for potential use as industrial feedstocks or bioproducts in biorefineries.     

水滑石类材料的制备及在水污染治理中的应用

简要介绍了目前国内外水滑石类材料的各种制备方法,包括共沉淀法、焙烧还原法、离子交换法等。同时总结了其作为催化剂和离子交换剂在修复阴离子污染水体、印染废水脱色、重金属去除等方面应用。     

Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of PCDD/PCDF on MSW fly ash

The effect of sulfur dioxide （SO2） on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） has been studied in an entrained-flow reactor （EFR） under simulated waste combustion conditions. A chlorination model based on conditional probability was employed to evaluate the homologue patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that the presence of SO2 did not alter the formation pathway although SO2 suppressed PCDD/F formation. The prediction model of PCDF showed good agreement with the experimental data （R--0.95）, whereas the prediction for PCDDs did not correlate well with the experimental data. This may be explained because potential chlorination pathways play a significant role in PCDF formation, whereas PCDDs are mainly formed through condensation reactions. Furthermore, the result indicated that the steric hindrance during formation has more effects on PCDD than on PCDF due to the symmetric molecular structures of PCDDs.     

低温燃烧合成纳米Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂的表征及活性研究

采用低温燃烧合成法制备了Ni掺杂TiO₂光催化剂,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、激光散射、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等方法对催化剂的光吸收特性、晶相组成、粒度分布、升温过程中化学变化等进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性.结果表明,相对P25而言,Ni掺杂TiO₂的光吸收带边红移,当Ni/Ti原子比为0.4时,催化剂的带隙宽度为2.3eV,对应的吸收带边为564nm;催化剂晶型以锐钛矿TiO₂为主,随Ni掺杂量增大,NiTiO₃比例升高;催化剂粒径主要分布在50～150nm之间,占总量的96.9%;升温过程中催化剂在445.2℃发生晶型转化,出现锐钛矿和NiTiO₃晶体.催化剂显示出较高的催化活性,在可见光作用150min后最高可使93.9%的亚甲基蓝分解,活性高于P25.     

多氨基树脂的制备表征及其对水中酚类化合物的吸附机制

通过沉淀聚合法制备了三交联型的聚马来酸酐树脂(Polymaleic anhydride resin,PMAR),然后氨化接枝得到系列衍生的多氨基树脂,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)、Zeta电位、元素分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和N₂吸附/解吸(BET)等手段对其进行了表征.对系列多氨基树脂的吸附性能进行比较发现,该系列树脂对4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)的吸附能力随氨基数量的增加而增加,其中以氨基数最多的四亚甲基五胺修饰的聚马来酸酐树脂PMAR-VA吸附性能最好.在各种酚类化合物中,PMAR-VA树脂对4-NP具有较高的选择性.同时,研究了树脂投加量、溶液pH、离子强度等因素对水中4-N吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程进行了吸附动力学模拟,发现吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型.Langmuir等温吸附模型可以很好地描述PMAR-VA对溶液中4-NP的吸附过程,最大吸附量为77.1 mg·g^-1(pH=6.0和25 ℃).吸附热力学结果表明,4-NP在PMAR-VA上的吸附是一个自发的物理吸附过程,其吸附机制主要为静电吸引和氢键.脱附再生实验发现,0.2 mol·L^-1 NaOH溶液脱附效果最优.经5次循环再生使用,PMAR-VA树脂的吸附性能没有明显下降.     

共价三嗪骨架活化过一硫酸盐降解磺胺甲恶唑

通过微波合成技术制备磁性共价三嗪骨架材料（MCTF）.利用SEM、TEM和FTIR对其形貌特征和表面基团进行表征分析;测定分析其微观介孔结构与饱和磁化强度;并将合成的MCTF用于活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）.研究了MCTF/PMS体系降解SMX的主要影响因素,包括MCTF投加量、PMS浓度、pH值、无机离子.研究表明：在MCTF投加量0.3g/L,PMS浓度1.50mmol/L,SMX初始浓度0.05mmol/L的室温条件下,30min内SMX的降解率可达100%.随pH值升高,SMX的降解率随之降低.SO₄^2-与HCO₃^-对SMX的降解具有抑制作用,Cl^-则具有双重作用.循环试验证明MCTF具有良好的重复利用性能.MCTF/PMS体系中降解SMX的活性物质为硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）和羟基自由基（·OH）,并主要在催化剂表面生成反应;通过UHPLC-MS/MS对SMX的降解途径与产物进行推测分析.     

阿卡波糖生产废水的光催化降解工艺研究

在实验室用溶胶-凝胶法合成一种复合光催化剂,以难生化降解的阿卡波糖废水作为降解对象,研究经光催化降解后的废水,对后续生化装置的影响。     

HAZOP研究与故障树分析在合成氨装置危险辨识中的应用

合成氨装置的原料、产品危险性高,并且生产过程复杂,因此在运行过程中可能导致火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故,有些事故甚至给社会和环境造成严重破坏.对HAZOP研究与故障树分析进行组合,应用在合成氨装置的危险辨识中.通过HAZOP研究,合成氨主体装置共发现风险因素23项,其中合成氨装置的合成气压缩单元安全隐患较多,因此对其进行故障树分析,合成气压缩机单元火灾、爆炸故障树的最小割集为72个,最小径集为6个.从基本事件结构重要度结果来看,压缩机三级出口压力探测器( PIA3-2)故障,对压缩机发生火灾、爆炸的影响程度最大,应重点防范.