An environment-friendly synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones

4(3H)-Quinazolinones, a class of important heterocycles, are used extensively in various fields. Although there are a number of synthetic approaches, all of them use catalysts, solvents, chemical oxidants, and/or reagents harmful to the environment when released in large quantities. An environment-friendly, catalyst-free, solventless, one-step synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones is presented. The process involves heating of aldehydes and anthranilamides under air as cheap oxidant and as key promoter of reaction. The protocol is suitable for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. This novel synthetic method may be applied to a wide range of educts, offering high yields at low cost while characterized by minimum environmental impact.     

磁性阳离子水凝胶的合成及其对六价铬的吸附去除

本文通过自由基聚合反应合成了一种带永久正电荷的磁性阳离子水凝胶,评价了该水凝胶对水体中六价铬的吸附去除效果.结果表明,磁性阳离子水凝胶具有较强的热稳定性和磁性,水凝胶中的磁性粒子γ-Fe2O3约占总质量10%,红外光谱测试表明水凝胶表面含有酰胺基和季铵基团.在pH 3—12,磁性阳离子水凝胶具有较好的化学稳定性,其表面...     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

某型火箭电气设备可靠性强化试验的研究与应用

目的通过可靠性强化试验提高某火箭电气设备的可靠性水平。方法分析国内外可靠性强化试验技术的发展现状,针对某火箭电气设备设计可靠性强化试验,重点阐述试验条件的制定准则、试验剖面的设计。结果通过开展某火箭电气设备可靠性强化试验,暴露了大量产品的故障信息,通过改进设计提高了产品可靠性水平。结论可靠性强化试验能够快速提高产品的可靠性水平,针对试验过程中存在的一些问题,对后续强化试验的实施提出了相应的建议。     

基于神经网络模型绿色合成纳米氧化锰及其性能研究

近年来,基于对纳米材料生物毒性和合成成本的考虑,纳米材料的绿色合成和应用在环境领域受到了广泛关注,但迄今仍面临纳米材料的绿色合成机制尚未明确及去除效率不理想两个问题.本研究选择As（III）和As（V）作为目标污染物,通过神经网络模型对纳米氧化锰（MONPs）的合成条件进行优化,发现当污染物浓度和材料投加量分别为0.1 mg?L^-1和5 mg?L^-1时,优化后的MONPs对As（III）和As（V）的去除 效率分别从43.9%、80.0%提高到90.2%、92.2%.从SEM的结果中发现优化后的材料粒径更小,根据EDS和FTIR结果,可以证明优化后材料中的Mn元素比例显著增加.另外,XRD和XPS结果则证明优化后材料从原来的Mn（II）变为Mn（IV）,提高了材料的氧化能力.Zeta电位结果表明优化后材料表面的负电荷减少,进而循环伏安法结果证实了材料电子转移能力的提高,均有利于As的去除.最后,优化后MONPs在经过5次重复利用后仍具高的性能,同时对多种重金属具有一定的吸附能力.显然,基于神经网络模型绿色合成氧化锰纳米材料对砷污染修复具有 较强的针对性和实用性.     

固态合成粉煤灰类脱硫吸附剂的制备及表征

采用固态化学反应的方法 ,在 1 0 0℃ ,1 0atm的条件下 ,处理粉煤灰 2d ,制备了含量在 75 30 % ,晶相组成纯度在 99%左右的碱性分子筛Na8(AlSiO4) 6·(OH) 2 ·2H2 O .在30 0℃ ,得到了一类无定形硅铝钠高效脱硫剂 (FA NSA) .在其它条件相同的情况下 ,温度对固态合成样品的影响非常大 .     

九江市地下水易污性评价——基于DPASTIC指标的模糊综合评价模型

从污染物入渗土壤-包气带-含水层的过程出发,以地质、地貌、水文地质条件为主控因素,选取地下水埋深(D)、降雨入渗补给量(P)、含水层岩性(A)、土壤类型(S)、地形坡度(T)、非饱和带介质(I)及含水层渗透系数(C)7个指标,建立了九江市地下水易污性评价DPASTIC指标体系.结合模糊数学理论和方法,建立了基于DPASTIC指标的模糊综合评价模型.该模型克服了指标参数级别划分定额差异和指标值不连续性变化的缺陷,寻求出最优的级别定额划分状态和指标值的连续性变化情况;在指标级别定额划分上,引用了指标标准特征值的概念,根据实测参数数据资料,建立了10个级别的指标标准特征值矩阵,确定指标参数的最优相对隶属度.结合MAPGIS软件得出最后的地下水易污性分区,评价结果与规划区的实测及预测的水环境质量相吻合.     

昆明市城市生活垃圾处理方法比较——基于环境保护和能源利用视角

从环境保护和能源利用的视角,以云南省昆明市为案例,采用能值分析法比较垃圾填埋及沼气发电、垃圾焚烧发电和垃圾堆肥3种处理方式的环境负债率和能值产出率,结果显示：从环境保护的角度讲最适合采用的是垃圾堆肥,最不适合采用的是垃圾焚烧;从能源利用的角度讲,最适合采用的是生活垃圾填埋和沼气发电,最不适合采用的是垃圾堆肥;综合考虑3种生活垃圾处理方式的环境负载率和能值产出率,3种处理方式的优劣顺序依次是垃圾填埋及沼气发电、垃圾焚烧发电、不适合采取垃圾堆肥。     

非稳态火源热释放速率等效合成模型研究

火源热释放速率的设定直接关系到火灾数值模拟与仿真的准确性.为研究多火源作用下的火灾热释放速率,通过对非稳态火源引起火灾的火势蔓延情况进行迭代分析,结合热辐射点燃机理,对单一火源引发其他可燃物共同燃烧的火灾建立了热释放速率等效合成模型,并通过对某型飞机客舱ULD内货物进行实例分析来加以验证.结果表明,等效合成模型的最大热释放速率受初始火源位置、可燃物的燃烧特性及其摆放位置的共同影响.     

Synthesis and antifungal property of N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and its derivatives

N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and its derivatives were designed and synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) techniques were applied to characterize chemical structures, and the filter paper disk method was used to test for antifungal effect of the products against Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces variotii, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Chemical structure charaterization showed that the products are target compounds. Antimicrobial experiment results indicated that N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane displayed reliable antifungal effects against three fungi, and its antifungal effect is close to that of cinnamaldehyde. N,N′-bis(p-methoxy cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and N,N′-bis(p-chlorocinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane also showed antifungal effects at a low concentration. Of the two, N,N′-bis(p-methoxy cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane appeared to be more suitable as it was more effective at higher concentrations against Paecilomyces.