自制Cu-Bi2WO6的表征及其对苯酚的光催化降解

采用水热反应法制备Cu改性的Bi2WO6催化剂(Cu-Bi2WO6).采用XRD仪和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱仪对自制Cu-Bi2WO6的结构进行了表征.考察了光催化降解工艺对Cu-Bi2WO6在可见光下催化氧化降解苯酚效果的影响.实验结果表明:自制Cu-Bi2WO6的吸收边带出现了明显红移,对可见光的利用率较Bi2WO6强;当水热反应pH为0.6时,Cu-Bi2WO6的光催化性能最好;在空气通入量为250 mL/min、Cu-Bi2WO6加入量为1.0 mg/L的条件下,光照反应210 min后苯酚降解率可达92.0％.     

化学合成类制药工业污染排放自行监测方案设计要点

阐述了化学合成类制药工业污染排放自行监测方案的编制依据,分析了化学合成制药的生产工艺与污染排放特征,在此基础上提出了自行监测方案的主要内容,以及监测点位、监测指标、监测频次设定的注意事项,并明确了特殊情况监测方案的设计原则及自行监测信息记录的相关内容。     

同一实验环境下炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试及制备方法优选

催化燃烧是最有效的炭黑消除手段之一,催化剂是其中的核心,其活性的提高对催化效果优化及成本控制有重要影响.然而目前报道的大量炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试是基于不同实验环境进行的,其结果之间缺乏比较意义.为了筛选活性优异的催化剂,并总结出催化剂活性与物理化学性质之间的关系,同时为催化过程中氧物种原位定量观测建立基础,根据易得、环...     

膨润土的原位柱撑改性及其除藻性能研究

利用Al³⁺离子较易水解聚合的性质,微波辅助合成了keggin Al₁₃原位柱撑改性膨润土(PMCs)除藻剂,并研究了PMCs的除藻性能。结果表明,相对于传统除藻产品,PMCs有更好的吸附混凝效果和除藻性能,且不会对环境水体的酸度、浊度、溶解氧等造成过大影响。     

Mini-Review： Green sustainable processes using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide

Environmentally benign carbon dioxide offers significant potential in its supercritical fluid phase to replace current reliance on a range of hazardous,relatively expensive and environmentally damaging organic solvents that are used on an extensive global basis.The unique combination of the physical properties of supercritical fluids are being exploited and further researched to continue the development and establishment of high efficiency,compact plant to provide energy and water efficient manufacturing processes.This mini-review is focused on the use and potential applications of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide for a selected range of key and emerging industrial processes as a sustainable alternative to totally eliminate or greatly reduce the requirement of numerous conventional organic solvents.Examples of the industries include:chemical extraction and purification,synthetic chemical reactions including polymerization and inorganic catalytic processes.Biochemical reactions involving enzymes,particle size engineering,textile dyeing and advanced material manufacture provide further illustrations of vital industrial activities where supercritical fluid technology processes are being implemented or developed.Some aspects relating to the economics of sustainable supercritical fluid carbon dioxide processes are also considered.     

装备环境工程的发展、深化和综合

较全面论述装备环境工程的发展、深化和综合.武器装备进步和新军事革命发展使环境影响具有战斗力性质;战争实践表明,以环境参数阈值为核心的传统的装备环境工程不能适应"打赢"的需要,呼唤解决环境影响问题的新途径;通过对环境与军事关系的分析找到环境影响评估和环境影响辅助决策的有效途径,确定装备环境工程发展和深化的内容和方法,从而实现环境影响效益.     

江苏省经济的可持续发展评价

提出了基于生态环境绩效和社会效益的经济可持续发展的定义,并引入多边形综合指标法,根据经济发展、资源能源消耗、生态环境压力、社会效益4个方面对江苏省1990～2003年经济可持续发展状态进行了定量评价和分析.结果表明,江苏省经济可持续发展综合指数从1990年的0.123上升到2003年的0.521.经济可持续发展的协调性在1990～1996年逐年增强,但在1996年后有所下降.综合指数(D)与经济发展(EDI)、资源能源消耗(RCI)、生态环境压力(EPI)、社会效益(SBI)4个分指数之间的关系可以用线性方程D=0.152EDI+0.308RCI+0.453EPI+0.502SBI-0.458表征.今后决策中,要把经济发展的社会效益放在首要关注位置,特别关注发展过程中的公平性问题.     

Perchlorate removal using granular activated carbon supported iron compounds: Synthesis, characterization and reactivity

Synthesis and use of the iron compounds supported on granular activated carbon (ICs/GAC) have shown significant environmental implications for perchlorate (ClO 4 ) removal. ICs/GAC was synthesized via hydrolyzing FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O on GAC, reduced by NaBH 4 solution in polyethylene glycol 6000 and ethanol solution, dried in vacuum condition and exposed to air. Synthesized ICs/GAC was characterized using transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ICs/GAC was determined to be containing a large amount of FeOHSO 4 , Fe 2 O 3 and a small amount of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles according to TEM and XPS measurements. Batch static kinetic tests showed that 97% of ClO 4 was removed within 10 hr at 90°C and 86% of ClO 4 was removed within 12 hr at 25°C, at ICs/GAC dosage of 20 g/L. The experimental results also showed that FeOHSO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles have the function of perchlorate adsorption and play important roles in ClO 4 removal. The activation energy (E a ) was determined to be 9.56 kJ/mol.     

小城镇复合生态系统能值整合研究

运用能值理论和方法,以湖北省小城镇(大悟县)为案例,对其复合生态系统进行研究,以了解系统的能流结构和特点,为系统持续发展提供科学指导。研究结果表明,该系统能值自给率68.42%,对外界依赖性低,经济安全性高;但人均能值用量和能值密度较低,系统经济不发达。不可更新资源占能值总用量63.51%,属于资源消耗型的经济模式,环境压力较大,不利于区域可持续发展,今后应增加可更新资源的利用,提高不可更新资源的利用效率,增加科技投入,促进该区域可持续发展。     

城市复合生态系统能值整合分析研究方法论

系统阐述了城市复合生态系统能值分析的基本概念原理与方法步骤,总结了城市可持续发展综合能值评价指标体系。在此基础上,从能值转换率的积累和统一、多尺度研究的整合与尺度推绎、城市功能流分析与空间结构分析的整合、能值成本价值论与使用(市场)价值论的整合等方面,讨论了能值研究方法在城市生态系统研究中的应用前景和发展方向。