APPLICATION OF THE HEC-4 MONTHLY STREAM FLOW SIMULATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: The HEC-4 monthly stream flow simulation model, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, California, is used to extend the available historical stream flow records in the Central Ohio area. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the HEC-4 model in generating synthetic monthly flows. Important statistical parameters are evaluated in order to relate the statistical properties of the historical and generated flows. In doing so, it is observed that the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the generated flows are consistently larger than the corresponding estimates based on historical flows. However, results show that these statistics, as well as the lag-1 serial correlation, are generally well maintained by the generated sequences. The degree to which any statistical dissimilarities would be critical, from an engineering design point of view, is demonstrated by utilizing their low flow characteristics. Estimates of reservoir safe-yields, based on a nonsequential mass-curve analysis of the historical and generated low flows, indicate a nominal difference in this particular study.     

环保治理项目的实施与资金来源渠道探讨

环境污染综合整治项目的实施是遏制区域环境质量不断恶化趋势的有效办法，资金总量不足和来源渠道较少制约其顺利实施。文中举例说明抚顺市已实施的三项综合整治项目所取得的成功经验和对改善区域环境质量所做贡献，探讨扩充资金来源渠道和资金总量的办法。     

聚丙烯酰胺的改性及在废水处理中的应用研究

聚丙烯酰胺是一种使用范围广、处理效果好的高分子絮凝剂,具有良好的水溶性、优良的絮凝性能和吸附性能.文章总结了聚丙烯酰胺阴离子化、阳离子化、单体共聚的常见改性方法.列举了其改性产物在废水处理中的应用和取得的良好效果.对聚丙烯酰胺改性研究的必要性和有效性进行了说明.表明:聚丙烯酰胺经过改性后可提高使用效果、拓宽使用范围、减少投药量等优点.最后对聚丙烯酰胺改性的发展方向做了展望,改善现有絮凝剂性能和发展高品质絮凝剂是将来研究的重点.     

花状软锰矿的超声合成及其对亚甲基蓝的脱色性能

首次通过操作简便成本低廉的超声方法合成花状软锰矿(MWs).采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及能量散布分析仪(EDS)等测试手段对其结构和形貌进行表征.研究了MWs对偶氮染料亚甲基蓝(MB)的脱色性能,考察pH值、反应时间、MWs投加量以及MB初始浓度等影响因子对脱色效果影响.结果表明,MWs对MB具有优良的脱色性能,90min达到近100%的脱色率,无需使用H2O2或者UV灯和超声等其它辅助设备,这明显优于其他催化剂,如Mn3O4/H2O2需3h达到99.7%最大脱色率、ZnS/CdS在光照下需6h最大脱色率仅为73%、硫改性的TiO2光照下需4h才能达到近100%的脱色率.     

二氧化钛/累托石制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石和四氯化钛为原料制备了二氧化钛／累托石复合材料,考察了各种制备条件如灼烧温度、复合反应温度、HCI／TiCl4等对光催化性能的影响。X射线衍射及红外光谱对材料的分析表明,反应中发生了聚合钛离子与累托石中阳离子的交换反应。酸性红B水溶液的脱色效率的结果表明,不同实验条件对复合材料的光催化性能都有不同程度的影响。初步探讨了影响光催化性能的机理及材料制备的最佳条件。     

Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application in removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions

This paper reports the biosynthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using the extracts of Shirazi thyme leaf (Th-nZVI) and pistachio green hulls (P-nZVI). Scanning electron microscopy verified the successful synthesis of the poorly crystalline nZVI with a spherical shape and diameter in the range of 40–70 nm. According to X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope analyses, the synthesised nZVI were composed of iron oxides nanoparticles and ployphenol obtained from Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts acting as both reducing and capping agents. The phosphorus removal efficiency of Th-nZVI and P-nZVI increased with time and reached equilibrium at about 4 and 2h, respectively. Sorption of phosphorus on both sorbents was observed to be pH-dependent with maximum phosphorus removal occurring in the pH range of 2–5. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Temkin models were used to describe phosphorus sorption at pH 5 and maximum sorption capacity for Th-nZVI and P-nZVI was about 40.52 and 29.33?mg?g^?1, respectively. Correlation coefficient (R²) and standard errors of estimate showed that the Elovich model was better than other models at describing the kinetic data. These results suggested that the synthesised nZVI with Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts could be employed as an efficient sorbent for the remediation of phosphorus from contaminated water sources.     

S-phase,apoptosis and peroxisome proliferation in avian hepatocyte cultures following exposure to the phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D

Phenoxyherbicides induce peroxisome proliferation, as do other structurally related or unrelated chemicals which were found to be nongenotoxic carcinogens in rodents. The widespread use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) raised concerns over the potential to produce cancer, yet results from epidemiological and experimental studies do not provide definitive evidence that 2,4-D is carcinogenic. The objective of the present study was to verify whether 2,4-D might interfere with cell growth similar to other peroxisome proliferators using cultured avian hepatocytes. Primary hepatocyte cultures from 18-day-old chick embryos were exposed to 2,4-D for up to 72 h followed by an assessment of replicative DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Further, peroxisome proliferation was evaluated. Results showed that 2,4-D stimulated DNA synthesis and suppressed spontaneous apoptosis, while the effects on peroxisome proliferation were less evident.     

钢精制副产品合成聚合硫酸铁可行性研究

利用正交实验,考察影响合成PFS反应速度的几个因素,认为温度80℃,压力(O2)为0.2MPa,催化剂加入量为3(%Fe),MFe∶MSO2-4=1∶1.35,搅拌速度为(800r/min)的条件为最佳工艺反应条件。上述条件下,利用抚顺钢厂钢精制副产品硫酸亚铁渣合成PFS絮凝剂,其各项指标完全符合GB 14591-93标准,为硫酸亚铁渣的综合利用提供了技术参考与理论依据。     

有害因子胁迫对人支气管上皮细胞SO2生物合成的影响

为了探讨有害因子胁迫与二氧化硫(SO2)细胞生物合成的关系,采用体外培养实验方法研究了不同浓度H2O2(0.1、1、10mmol·L-1)以及不同pH值(6.8、7.2、8.0)培养液对人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)SO2产生量(以胞内SO32-含量代表)的影响.结果表明:1)培养液过酸(pH6.8)和过碱(pH8.0)均可使BEP2D细胞SO2产生量显著增加(与对照相比,p<0.05);2)H2O2胁迫也可使BEP2D细胞SO2产生量增加,当H2O2浓度≥1mmol·L-1时,与对照相比,差异达到显著(p<0.05).以上结果提示:人支气管上皮细胞在有害因子的胁迫下可产生内源性SO2;SO2可能是一种生物气体应激分子,能像应激蛋白那样提高生物体对有害因子的抵御能力.     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及其在油田的应用

利用ASP以及其他助剂组成的复合引发体系,研究了在50℃下采用水溶液自由基聚合方式,得到了溶解性能好的阳离子均聚物PDMDAAC。考察了pH值、引发剂用量和单体浓度对阳离子均聚物黏度和阳离子度的影响。研究了PDMDAAC作为絮凝荆在油田污水处理中的应用。