水热法合成层状化合物α-磷酸锆

用水热法合成了α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O(α-ZrP)晶体,并采用XRD、IR、TEM和TG-DSC等方法对其进行了表征.结果显示,用该法制得的α-ZrP,具有良好的结晶度,层间距达到7.65 A,平均粒度为900×300nm,呈较规则的六边形薄片状,晶形完美,并具有较高的热稳定性.获得了水热法合成α-ZrP的优化实验条件为磷酸浓度5M-10M和180℃下反应48小时以上.     

两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成及特性粘数

研究了两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成方法对其特性粘数的影响,发现单体配比、pH及聚合引发剂品种和剂量均对两性聚电解质絮凝剂的特性粘数有明显作用。     

Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application in removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions

This paper reports the biosynthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using the extracts of Shirazi thyme leaf (Th-nZVI) and pistachio green hulls (P-nZVI). Scanning electron microscopy verified the successful synthesis of the poorly crystalline nZVI with a spherical shape and diameter in the range of 40–70 nm. According to X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope analyses, the synthesised nZVI were composed of iron oxides nanoparticles and ployphenol obtained from Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts acting as both reducing and capping agents. The phosphorus removal efficiency of Th-nZVI and P-nZVI increased with time and reached equilibrium at about 4 and 2h, respectively. Sorption of phosphorus on both sorbents was observed to be pH-dependent with maximum phosphorus removal occurring in the pH range of 2–5. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Temkin models were used to describe phosphorus sorption at pH 5 and maximum sorption capacity for Th-nZVI and P-nZVI was about 40.52 and 29.33?mg?g^?1, respectively. Correlation coefficient (R²) and standard errors of estimate showed that the Elovich model was better than other models at describing the kinetic data. These results suggested that the synthesised nZVI with Shirazi thyme leaf and pistachio green hulls extracts could be employed as an efficient sorbent for the remediation of phosphorus from contaminated water sources.     

钢精制副产品合成聚合硫酸铁可行性研究

利用正交实验,考察影响合成PFS反应速度的几个因素,认为温度80℃,压力(O2)为0.2MPa,催化剂加入量为3(%Fe),MFe∶MSO2-4=1∶1.35,搅拌速度为(800r/min)的条件为最佳工艺反应条件。上述条件下,利用抚顺钢厂钢精制副产品硫酸亚铁渣合成PFS絮凝剂,其各项指标完全符合GB 14591-93标准,为硫酸亚铁渣的综合利用提供了技术参考与理论依据。     

由维尼纶厂废液合成乙酸乙酯

本文以维尼纶厂废液中提取的乙醛为原料,通过缩合反应合成乙酸乙酯,乙醛转化率达91.5%,选择性达93.0%,并对乙醛的提取、催化剂合成及缩合反应进行了探讨.     

花状软锰矿的超声合成及其对亚甲基蓝的脱色性能

首次通过操作简便成本低廉的超声方法合成花状软锰矿(MWs).采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及能量散布分析仪(EDS)等测试手段对其结构和形貌进行表征.研究了MWs对偶氮染料亚甲基蓝(MB)的脱色性能,考察pH值、反应时间、MWs投加量以及MB初始浓度等影响因子对脱色效果影响.结果表明,MWs对MB具有优良的脱色性能,90min达到近100%的脱色率,无需使用H2O2或者UV灯和超声等其它辅助设备,这明显优于其他催化剂,如Mn3O4/H2O2需3h达到99.7%最大脱色率、ZnS/CdS在光照下需6h最大脱色率仅为73%、硫改性的TiO2光照下需4h才能达到近100%的脱色率.     

S-phase,apoptosis and peroxisome proliferation in avian hepatocyte cultures following exposure to the phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D

Phenoxyherbicides induce peroxisome proliferation, as do other structurally related or unrelated chemicals which were found to be nongenotoxic carcinogens in rodents. The widespread use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) raised concerns over the potential to produce cancer, yet results from epidemiological and experimental studies do not provide definitive evidence that 2,4-D is carcinogenic. The objective of the present study was to verify whether 2,4-D might interfere with cell growth similar to other peroxisome proliferators using cultured avian hepatocytes. Primary hepatocyte cultures from 18-day-old chick embryos were exposed to 2,4-D for up to 72 h followed by an assessment of replicative DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Further, peroxisome proliferation was evaluated. Results showed that 2,4-D stimulated DNA synthesis and suppressed spontaneous apoptosis, while the effects on peroxisome proliferation were less evident.     

防空导弹武器系统伪装能力综合评价研究

针对防空导弹武器系统的暴露特征,采用层次分析法,建立了防空导弹武器系统伪装能力多层次综合评价指标体系和综合评价模型,采用模糊聚类分析法对数据进行处理,得出各评价对象的综合评价结果。最后通过算例,验证了该模型的有效性。     

CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及其在油田的应用

利用ASP以及其他助剂组成的复合引发体系,研究了在50℃下采用水溶液自由基聚合方式,得到了溶解性能好的阳离子均聚物PDMDAAC。考察了pH值、引发剂用量和单体浓度对阳离子均聚物黏度和阳离子度的影响。研究了PDMDAAC作为絮凝荆在油田污水处理中的应用。