Growth of non-English-language literature on biodiversity conservation

English is widely recognized as the language of science, and English-language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non-ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non-ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different languages is poorly documented. Using local and international search systems, we searched for scientific articles on biodiversity conservation published from 1980 to 2018 in English and 15 non-English languages. We compared the growth rate in publications across languages. In 12 of the 15 non-English languages, published conservation articles significantly increased every year over the past 39 years, at a rate similar to English-language articles. The other three languages showed contrasting results, depending on the search system. Since the 1990s, conservation science articles in most languages increased exponentially. The variation in the number of non-English-language articles identified among the search systems differed markedly (e.g., for simplified Chinese, 11,148 articles returned with local search system and 803 with Scopus). Google Scholar and local literature search systems returned the most articles for 11 and 4 non-English languages, respectively. However, the proportion of peer-reviewed conservation articles published in non-English languages was highest in Scopus, followed by Web of Science and local search systems, and lowest in Google Scholar. About 20% of the sampled non-English-language articles provided no title or abstract in English; thus, in theory, they were undiscoverable with English keywords. Possible reasons for this include language barriers and the need to disseminate research in countries where English is not widely spoken. Given the known biases in statistical methods and study characteristics between English- and non-English-language studies, non-English-language articles will continue to play an important role in improving the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation.     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物氟硅酸制备氟化铵溶液时副产的白碳黑为原料,以铝矾土为铝源,制备了晶化导向剂,并采用水热法制备了4A分子筛.考察了晶化导向剂加入量、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛性能的影响.实验结果表明,当晶化导向剂的加入量为7%(质量分数)、晶化温度为80℃、晶化时间为2 h时,制备的4A分子筛的钙交换容量(以CaCO_3计)为336 mg/g,并采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对4A分子筛的结构进行了表征.     

兰州市土地利用生态安全评价

运用压力-状态-响应概念模型,结合兰州市社会、经济、环境等实地情况,从土地生态系统压力、状态、响应的角度出发,选择能够反映土地规划与利用情况的,涵盖社会、经济、资源与环境协调发展的21个指标,设计了具有目标层、准则层、因素层和指标层的区域土地利用生态安全评价体系.以兰州市土地详查数据为依据,剖析了1997—2006年兰州市土地利用生态安全水平的变化情况.结果表明:兰州市土地利用生态安全水平较低,处于不安全状态,但整体有好转趋势.2006年兰州市土地利用生态安全综合指数为0.666 4,比1997年提高了0.060 1,由1997年的风险级转为2006年的敏感级,但仍处于不安全状态.就县区而言,城关区、榆中县与红古区的增长强度较大,增幅分别为25.03%,18.09%和17.65%,其中榆中县2002年土地利用生态安全水平由风险级转为敏感级;其次为城关区与七里河区,增幅分别为13.13%和13.10%;其他县区增幅在6%左右.      

磷钨酸铋微波固相合成及其光催化消除甲醇

报道了微波固相合成杂多酸盐催化剂 BiPW12O40的新方法,并通过红外、差热-热重、BET比表面、扫描电镜、X粉末衍射、荧光发射光谱等一系列手段对其进行了表征.在紫外光照射下,以有机污染物甲醇的气相光催化消除为模型反应,考察了催化剂的光催化活性.扫描电镜结果表明,通过该方法合成的 BiPW12O40催化剂粒径为 15～30 nm.在紫外光照射下,0.15 g 催化剂可将初始浓度为1.40 g·m-3、流速为3mL·min-1的甲醇气体完全消除.其光催化活性明显优于 H3PW12O40,对光催化降解有机气相污染物具有一定的应用前景.     

One-pot synthesis of Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst and its highly efficient performance for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide with ammonia

Series of Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with different Fe loading content were synthesized by simple one-pot strategy. The obtained catalysts were subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ and were characterized by various techniques. The results show that Fe_0.63/Cu_1.50-SSZ-13 catalyst with proper Fe content exhibits excellent catalytic activity with widest operation temperature window from 160 to 580°C, excellent hydrothermal stability as well as good resistance to sulfur poisoning when compared with Cu-SSZ-13, signifying its great potential for practical applications. Further characterizations reveal that the synthesized Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts present typical chabazite (CHA) structure with good crystallinity, while isolated Cu²⁺ and monomeric Fe³⁺ are revealed as the predominant copper and iron species. At low temperatures, isolated Cu²⁺ species act as primary active sites for SCR reaction, while monomeric Fe³⁺ species provide sufficient active sites for sustain the SCR activity at high temperature. Moreover, Fe over doping would lead to the damage of zeolite structure, destruction of isolated Cu²⁺ site, as well as the formation of highly oxidizing Fe₂O₃, thus causing deterioration of catalytic performances.     

A straightforward green synthesis of N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)imines

A straightforward and environment-friendly protocol for the synthesis of valuable chiral N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)imines has been developed. Different from traditional process with benzaldehydes as substrates, arylmethyl alcohols, benzylthiol, dibenzyl ether, thioether, and disulfide are used as alternative substrates to react with tert-butanesulfinamide in the presence of KO^tBu under air for the synthesis of chiral N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)imines. This is a transition metal-free, mild, cost-effective, and simple process.     

旅游地生态安全预警评价指标体系与方法研究--以开封市为例

生态安全预警是防止旅游地生态系统向无序化发展和进行系统调控的重要途径之一.建立了一个由旅游地生态环境压力预警子系统、旅游地生态环境质量预警子系统、旅游地生态保护与整治能力预警子系统等构成的旅游地生态安全复合预警系统,并借鉴生态环境能力建设的临界调控思想,采用模糊综合评判方法,对开封市旅游生态安全预警进行了初步地评价.研究表明:开封市旅游生态环境总体是比较安全的,处于一级预警状态,但旅游地生态保护与整治能力预警值较低.与综合指数评价法相比,两者研究结果相近,但模糊综合评判不需要预警阈值,能够较好地解决评价过程不合理的问题,是一种定性与定量相结合、综合化程度较高的评价方法,可以用来进行旅游地生态安全预警评价.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究

在强碱性条件下由烯丙基氯和二甲胺反应，先生成二甲基一烯丙基叔胺，分离后再次加入烯丙基氯，于丙酮介质中结晶析出二甲基二 丙基氯化铵，产率达７５％，以复合引发剂引发聚合，得分子得９９．４万的高聚物。絮凝实验证明，最佳投药量一般小于１ｐｐｍ，如果与铝直和，可使浊水达更高的澄清度。     

新型氧化石墨烯生物纳米材料对印染废水中镉和孔雀石绿的去除性能及机制

印染废水因其成分复杂,并且难以被自然去除,己成为环境的重点污染源之一.本研究采用甘蔗渣还原液还原氧化石墨烯,并负载伯克霍尔德菌成功制备了新型生物纳米材料MNMs.采用SEM-EDS-Mapping和Raman分析证实该材料具有较好的结构稳定性和良好的吸附效果,并对印染废水的典型污染物Cd²⁺和孔雀石绿的联合去除率均达到80%以上.GC-MS检测结果证实该复合纳米材料可将孔雀石绿降解为N,N-二甲基苯胺和4-（二甲基氨基）二苯甲酮.动力学拟合分析表明Cd²⁺和孔雀石绿被MNMs吸附过程遵循伪二级速率模型（R²>0.99）,而MG的降解过程更遵循伪一级速率模型（R²>0.99）.MNMs对Cd²⁺和MG的理论最大吸附量分别为84.03 mg·g^-1和45.25 mg·g^-1.研究结果表明,该生物纳米材料对水溶液中Cd²⁺和孔雀石绿有较好的去除效果,未来可应用于工业印染废水的污染控制.     

铁有机骨架材料的快速合成及对阴离子染料的吸附性能

染料废水色度高,难以生化处理,吸附法是有色废水处理的重要方法.采用常温快速合成铁有机骨架材料,通过IR和XRD对合成的材料进行表征;并研究铁有机骨架材料对阴离子染料的吸附性能.结果表明常温快速反应能够合成铁有机骨架材料,材料比表面积和孔体积较高,等电点p H为3.7.铁有机骨架材料在酸性条件下更容易吸附水中的阴离子染料;随染料浓度的增加,材料对染料的吸附量逐渐增大,Langmuir恒温吸附模型可以很好描述该过程,计算的吸附参数表明吸附过程容易进行.材料对染料的吸附为准二级动力学,染料结构会显著影响铁骨架材料吸附过程,络合结构的偶氮染料能够快速达到吸附平衡.