CO2加氢低压合成甲醇CuO—ZnO催化剂性能的研究

本文详细论述了CuO-ZnO的特性与沉淀过程中pH值变化、沉淀剂种类、沉淀剂的加料方式和催化剂的热处理条件,以及活化气氛等因素之间的相互关系,实验中运用了XRD,BET,XPS等测试手段,对催化剂的结构及其表面性质进行了深入探讨,得到了催化剂的最佳含量组成和催化剂活性组份可能的存在状态。     

药物合成废水处理工程

针对氯唑沙宗、枸橼酸莫沙必利化学原料药合成过程中产生的有机废水浓度高、成分复杂及处理难度大等特点（COD高达80 000 mg/L左右）,采用催化氧化-生物化学方法,试验研究了药物合成废水处理.试验结果表明,该技术对合成废水的COD去除率可达98%,SS去除率可达96%,色度降到50倍左右,其去除率约为98%.该系统运行费用为0.4～0.5元/m^3废水.经过3个月的工程运行,表明催化氧化-生物化学处理药物合成废水系统是一种高效率、低能耗、运行管理方便、经济可行的处理方法.处理类似制药废水这样的高浓度有机废液,上述废水处理工艺具有广阔的应用前景.     

The stability of trophic mass-balance models of marine ecosystems: a comparative analysis

Dynamic simulations of 18

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mass-balance marine trophic models are used to explore the stability of systems when briefly impacted by a fishery on the key ‘wasp–waist' populations occurring at intermediate trophic levels. The results are related to different ecosystem goal functions previously identified as representative of three attributes of ecosystems development: community complexity, homeostasis and energetics. System recovery time, the time required for all functional groups to returns to baseline level, and here used as a measure of model stability, was inversely correlated to Finn's Cycling Index, i.e. to the fraction of ecosystem throughput that is recycled, and to the mean length of trophic pathways in the systems. Systems with higher capacity to recycle detritus are systems with a higher ability to recover from perturbations. The results are in agreement with the E.P. Odum's theory of ecosystem development, where recycling is interpreted as a chief positive feedback mechanism that contributes to stability in the mature systems by preventing overshoots and destructive oscillations due to external impacts.     

Prevention of dioxins de novo formation by ethanolamines

Two inhibitors, triethanolamine (TEA) and monoethanolamine (MEA), were tested for their ability to prevent the de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) on sinter plant fly ash. The amounts of both PCDDs and PCDFs, formed by thermal treatment of the fly ash, decreased when inhibitors were added. Up to 90% reduction of the PCDD/Fs formation was reached when 2 wt % monoethanolamine was mixed with fly ash. The temperatures tested, 325 and 400 °C, did not affect the inhibition activity. However, a longer reaction time, 4 h instead of 2 h, gave higher percentages of PCDD/Fs reduction. The laboratory results show that ethanolamines reduce the dioxins formation on sinter plant fly ash under various conditions of temperature and reaction time. Moreover, factory tests performed in parallel at a sinter plant are in good agreement with the laboratory experiments, thus confirming that the use of ethanolamine inhibitors is an appropriate technique for the prevention of dioxins emissions from sintering processes. Electronic Publication     

产业生态系统多尺度能值整合评价方法

能值分析方法为自然环境资源与人类社会、经济的统一评价提供了新的思路,但面对当今产业生态学发展的实践需求,在多尺度整合分析、动态模型构建等方面仍显薄弱,需要与经济学等其他学科相对成熟的分析方法与模型加以整合。文章以能值综合方法为核心介质,从成本分析与效果分析的整合、能值分析与区域经济分析的整合,以及能值分析表与投入-产出矩阵模型的整合三个方面进行了产业生态学的能值整合研究方法的具体构建,以促进能值理论方法与产业生态学研究需求的进一步耦合。     

Advanced process systems design technology for pollution prevention and waste treatment

The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer.     

TiO2表面沉积Ag粒子及其可见光下降解含盐废水中的苯酚

为了制备可见光激发下能高效降解含盐废水中有机物的光催化剂,首次以商用TiO_2光催化剂(P25)为载体,利用吸附相反应技术一步获得了Ag沉积的可见光响应复合光催化剂.同时,通过XPS、TEM、HRTEM及紫外可见漫反射光谱图,结合多种高含盐水体系中苯酚的光催化降解过程,研究了不同Ag沉积对催化剂可见光活性的影响.结果发现,吸附平衡后P25表面富含水的吸附层可作为反应和粒子的生成场所,生成量子尺寸的Ag粒子.另外,在吸附层中生成的Ag粒子均匀分布于P25表面并与之紧密结合,并在TiO_2晶格结构中引入晶格交错结构.Ag与TiO_2的表面等离子体共振效应和晶格交错结构共同提升了催化剂的可见光响应和电荷的分离效率,增强了催化剂对苯酚的可见光催化性能.在含盐废水体系中,盐离子数量越多,催化剂在可见光下降解苯酚过程受到的干扰越大.     

一株新颖的Providencia sp.菌降解吲哚及合成靛蓝的特性研究

吲哚是一种典型的氮杂环芳烃污染物,在焦化废水和畜牧废水中大量存在.本研究从近海泥沙中分离纯化得到一株高效吲哚降解菌DCX,经16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,鉴定其为普罗维登斯菌属(Providencia sp.).该菌株能够以吲哚为唯一碳源,在28 h内将100 mg·L~(-1)吲哚完全降解.液相色谱/飞行时间-质谱联用(LC/TOF-MS)的结果表明,靛蓝、靛红、靛红酸及邻氨基苯甲酸是菌株DCX降解吲哚过程中的中间产物.此外,本研究中发现,外加营养物质可以促进菌株DCX降解吲哚,特别是加入酵母浸粉后,反应体系中会产生大量靛蓝.利用表面响应法确定菌株DCX转化吲哚合成靛蓝的最优条件为:吲哚207.49 mg·L~(-1),酵母浸粉2.9 g·L-1,接菌量4.23%(V/V),并且在最优条件下,靛蓝产率达到最高(9.90%),比初始条件提高了4.38倍.     

生物质气化费托合成制航煤生命周期评价

基于生命周期评价（LCA）,对生物质气化费托合成制航煤（Bio-Jet Fuel）工艺进行资源-环境性分析.根据副产品水蒸汽的用途研究了供热和发电两种方案,并进行了数据不确定度分析.结果显示：除EP指标外,发电方案的各环境影响指标比供热方案降低了11.7%~40.8%.相比化石航煤,生物质航煤GWP降低52.6%~71.9%,不可再生资源消耗减少84.4%~93.6%.生物质生长阶段采用不同的分配方法,资源消耗潜值差异较小,但GWP、EP环境影响负荷会产生较大差异.且生物质航煤综合性能对原料消耗率敏感性最大,变化幅度为-16.6%~+17.3%.采用不确定度分析方法对评价结果进行数据质量评估,各环境影响类型的不确定度处于5.0%~12.5%.     

不饱和季铵盐的合成及其聚合物在化工及环保领域的应用

按不饱和基团的类型对不饱和季铵盐进行了分类,并综述了其合成方法。介绍了其聚合物在含油污水处理、抗菌、纺织品、新材料等领域的应用。阐述了在不饱和季铵盐的开发及其聚合物的应用方面存在的问题。指出了今后的发展方向:应该加大科研投入,加快新型不饱和季铵盐的研发进程,特别是在主结构设计、纯度提高以及新型絮凝剂单体的多样性方面,以制备出多功能性的单体和聚合物。