张八岭地区地质构造特征

本文讨论了张八岭地区的褶皱、断裂构造活动特征、形成序次关系、动力作用方式等．从而进一步阐明了测区构造发生、发展以及定位机制。     

Selected landslide types in the Central Himalaya: their relation to geological structure and anthropogenic activities

In a region that is highly sensitive to tectonic instability, the fragile nature of the Himalayas becomes further adversely affected by anthropogenic intervention. In the present study observations indicate that the landsliding process occurs along various tectonic zones where it is assisted by human activities. Bedding and joint plane dip slopes, high joint and joint set frequencies, low vegetation cover, high monsoonal rainfall, thin soil cover and anthropogenic activities were found to be the main causative factors of the landslides. Anthropogenic activities include local path, canal and road construction, mining and quarrying, overgrazing, deforestation and unscientific agricultural practices, such as tilling steeper slopes (>30) without contour benches and without provision of drainage ditches, and overcropping without giving rest to the overtaxed soils. Where slope conditions are critical human activities should be controlled so as to minimise the slope failure processes. Various recommendations are proposed.     

地震预报与活断层分段

文章回顾分析了地震预报的经验与问题,对地震短期预报需进行新的探索与研讨,才能更快地前进。文章重点论述了地震预报和地震危险性评估方面有关的断层分段性问题。如何在众多的活断层上确定近期可能发生强震的地段,是地震预报中突出的重要问题之一。有关活断层分段性问题是近年来十分引人注目的课题。段是断层的破裂单元,断层的分段就是对断层进行独立的破裂单元的划分。断层分段有4种,当前讨论的主要是活断层破裂分段。     

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区中生代侵入岩特征研究

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区位于大兴安岭中南段。该区中生代侵入岩广泛发育。开展侵入岩的年代学、地球化学特征研究能为深入探讨区域构造背景提供依据。3个样品K-Ar全岩法测年结果(93.39Ma～108.48Ma)证明侵入岩形成于早白垩世,略晚于其南侧同一构造带上的杜尔基地区侵入岩年龄(100.15Ma～120.29Ma),符合太行山——大兴安岭早白垩世侵入岩时代自南向北由老变新的演化趋势。岩石地球化学分析结果显示岩石属于碱性系列,具有高硅、高钾、富碱、过铝、贫钙、镁、铁等特征。稀土元素总量为(77.96～241.29)μg/g,平均值为158.92μg/g,与杜尔基地区早白垩世侵入岩的稀土总量平均值(146.85μg/g)及华北克拉通内碱性系列岩石的稀土总量平均值(163.32μg/g)都非常接近。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线整体右倾,因Eu负异常而呈"V"型形态,与太行山-大兴安岭地区早白垩世典型岩体的稀土配分型式极为相似。侵入岩的成因类型为A-型,形成于伸展构造环境。     

SEM照片孔隙参数提取技术研究

扫描电镜技术对岩土体微观结构的分析起着越来越重要的作用,从SEM照片中获得定量化的信息参数是众多岩土工程研究者关注的问题。本文以湖南省郴州市王仙岭的黏性土SEM照片的二维和三维分析方法为例来说明SEM照片孔隙参数的提取,并对这两种方法所得结果进行分析比较,结果表明:通常采用的二维及三维分析方法所求得的孔隙率参数值往往偏大;在二维方法中合理选择分割阈值是孔隙率提取的关键,过大过小的阈值都会导致较大的误差;三维方法中需要考虑实际的颗粒形态而不能简单地按照像素值进行三维高程建模。     

安徽北部涡河断裂第四纪活动特征及地震危险性初步研究

涡河断裂整体走向310°左右,全长约190 km,断裂在卫星影像图和区域重、磁异常图上均有明显显示,是安徽北部一条重要的第四纪活动断裂。本文通过采用高精度重力测量法和激发极化电测深法,对研究区进行物探勘测工作,确定了断裂的大致位置及产出状态,认为涡河断裂埋深150 m左右,断层宽度约为150~200 m,倾角近直立,具正断层性质。结合野外地质调查情况及前人资料,综合分析认为涡河断裂第四纪以来具有较强的活动性,是一条影响范围较广、规模较大的断裂。通过分析涡河断裂与近EW向横向构造的关系,将断裂分成北、中、南三段;结合地震空区理论分析认为南段未来发生Ms5级以上地震的危险性最大,其最大震级在5.5级与6级之间。     

Determinants of privatized solid waste management service provision in Lagos

The growing popularity of privatized solid waste management service in least developed countries warrants an exploration of factors that are likely to impact on its sustainability. This study takes integrated solid waste management approach by analyzing relevant issues on both market sides. We use a three step theme development sequence to analyze the data obtained on service providers through library research, observations and interviews. This was followed by an opinion survey on the demand side to elicit households’ support for service improvement. Findings show that source-separation issues, government enforcement, market segmentation, financial issues and waste disposal issues are key factors influencing improved service provision. Meanwhile, on the demand side, we found that households are willing to support proposed regulatory improvement in service provision. Thus, we suggest industrial stakeholders to consider the aforementioned supply side issues in designing future service improvements that will take advantage of existing demand side feasibility.     

广东地区求解环境剪应力场不同方法的常数值的确定

陈培善等推导了多个求解环境剪应力场0τ的公式,利用广东数字地震台网记录到的广东及邻近地区1999年以来163个ML2.0~5.2地震求解不同公式中的常数,假设广东地区环境剪应力场为5 M Pa,求得C3=-5.707,C4=4.678,C5=-0.259、C6=-5.91、C7=-12.01,C3~C7依次代表利用地震波辐射能量、拐角频率、震源峰值加速度、震源峰值速度或震源峰值位移求解0τ时所用到的常数。与其它地区的计算结果比较,显示不同地区的C4~C7较为接近,而C3相差较大。     

A Short Survey Instrument to Segment Populations According to Their Attitudes Toward Science. Scale Development,Optimization and Assessment

ABSTRACT

Surveys play a key role in researching public perceptions of and attitudes toward science. Accordingly, there is a breadth of often-used survey instruments available which have also been adopted for segmentation analyses. Even though many of these segmentation solutions are similar in their aims, they often include a large numbers of variables, making it more difficult for other researchers to build on these solutions, as survey time is scarce. Therefore, we demonstrate how a large number of variables that were used for a comprehensive segmentation analysis can be reduced considerably without losing too much information. We develop and test a short survey instrument to segment populations according to their attitudes toward science. Results show that segmentation results can be replicated with over 90% accuracy by reducing the instrument from 20 to 10 variables. This reduction does not significantly affect the predictive power of segment attribution on three dependent variables, which suggests that many segmentation analyses could be similarly optimized, helping researchers save survey time and standardize segmentation analyses more.     

基于表面采样-图像分割技术对西藏农牧区垃圾组成的快速监测

针对西藏农牧区地域广阔、居民点分散的特点,提出一种基于表面采样-图像分割技术的快速监测方法,即在采集照片后,利用Auto CAD软件测算图像中不同类别垃圾体所占的面积,将其作为垃圾体组成比例的二维指标进行统计,研究垃圾的组成情况,并根据可降解性、材质、来源用途三种分类方法进行分类,最后得到样点垃圾组成的基本信息。