基于粗糙集理论的危险品运输风险分析

为解决危险品风险分析问题,利用粗糙集理论在处理不确定、不精确问题上的优势,提出基于粗糙集理论的危险品运输风险分析方法。首先,建立决策表,经化简后获得各属性的重要度,识别出影响危险品运输的主要因素与次要因素,以及主次因素所占比例;然后,利用区分函数对决策表进行约简,得出决策表的属性约简;最后,利用决策表的决策规则对原始数据进行推导,得出危险品运输事故的一般规律。结果表明,影响危险品运输事故类型的最重要因素是危险品的类型,所占比重为42.86%,其次是危险品运输的道路状况与危险品运输车辆状况,各占28.57%。在道路状况欠佳且车辆状况良好的前提下,腐蚀品发生危险品事故的严重程度要依次高于毒害品与压缩气体和液化气体。     

生态文明建设对环境法理论变革的影响

随着人类社会由工业文明向生态文明的转变，环境法理论也随之发生着变革。近年来。众多学者对环境法理论的变革问题进行了热烈的讨论。生态文明的法律观。承认自然界及其生物具有内在价值。主张人与自然的和谐发展。为生态文明建设提供了坚实的法学理论支持。     

工程监理博弈行为分析与对策研究

工程建设监理制度对提高工程项目的质量。促进建筑业的健康发展发挥了重要的作用。但与发达国家相比。我国工程建设监理制度仍不够完善。从博弈论的观点出发。分别建立了监理单位和承包商之间的两方博弈模型以及业主、监理单位和承包商之间的三方博弈模型。并在分析模型均衡解的基础上，得到了完善工程建设监理制度。提高工程项目质量的政策建议。     

自然灾害防治工程的理论及应用

中国是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一。从自然灾害防治的工程措施这一角度探讨了其理论基础,主要包括灾害地理学、灾害经济学、灾害生态学和灾害工程学。根据自然灾害防治工程的性质将其分为地质工程、水利工程、生态工程和海洋工程,并就每种类型的工程例举了一个典型的案例。     

内陆水体后向散射系数模拟研究

在利用半分析方法结合光学闭合原理模拟水体后向散射系数的过程中,参考波长的选择对最终结果有较大影响.为了得出最佳参考波长的影响因子,利用太湖、巢湖和滇池的野外实测数据,对后向散射系数进行模拟,进而分析水体的最佳参考波长与其对应的水质参数浓度之间的变化规律.同时,建立了太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的后向散射系数曲线的幂函数光谱模型,获得的光谱指数分别为2.643±0.317、 2.719±0.242、 1.638±0.534.结果表明：①以整个湖泊为研究对象时,最佳参考波长随着湖泊水体中总颗粒物浓度c_SPM、有机颗粒物浓度c_SPOM和叶绿素浓度c_CHL平均值的增大而向长波方向移动,太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的最佳参考波长分别为695、 720和730 nm;②以单个湖泊的各个样点为研究对象时,由于内陆湖泊光学特性的复杂性,最佳参考波长的影响因子存在一定差异,但c_SPM是一个共同的影响因子.此外,过高的c_CHL将削弱水质参数浓度与最佳参考波长间的规律性;③在以无机颗粒物为主的水体中,后向散射系数与总颗粒物浓度之间存在更好的相关性,如在太湖水体中,R²达到0.852.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on NO selective catalytic oxidation over α-MnO2

Based on the experimental and theoretical methods, the NO selective catalytic oxidation process was proposed. The experimental results indicated that lattice oxygen was the active site for NO oxide over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface. In the theoretical study, DFT (density functional theory) and periodic slab modeling were performed on an $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface, and two possible NO oxidation mechanisms over the surface were proposed. The non-defect $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface showed the highest stability, and the surface O_s (the second layer oxygen atoms) position was the most active and stable site. O₂ molecule enhanced the joint adsorption process of two NO molecules. The reaction process, including O₂ dissociation and O=N-O-O-N=O formation, was calculated to carry out the NO catalytic oxidation mechanism over $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110). The results showed that NO oxidation over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface exhibited the greatest possibility following the route of O=N-O-O-N=O formation. Meanwhile, the formation of O=N-O-O-N=O was the rate-determining step.     

企业需要建立人性化的安全管理

由于我国对企业特别是海外来大陆投资的企业，缺乏严格的安全管理手段，致使不少企业屡次出现安全事故。为了减少企业安全事故的发生，提高企业安全度，要求企业在贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的基本方针的基础上。建立“以人为本。以制度和伦理道德为约束的人性化的安全管理系统”。本文给出了该系统的模型，并对此模型进行了分析和解释，探讨了相关的几个理论基础，最后给出了人性化安全管理的实质。通过该系统的管理执行，使企业在尊重人权、尊重生命的前提下发展壮大，最终实现安全的全球化。     

Animal agency in wildlife conservation and management

Wildlife conservation and management (WCM) practices have been historically drawn from a wide variety of academic fields, yet practitioners have been slow to engage with emerging conversations about animals as complex beings, whose individuality and sociality influence their relationships with humans. We propose an explicit acknowledgement of wild, nonhuman animals as active participants in WCM. We examined 190 studies of WCM interventions and outcomes to highlight 3 common assumptions that underpin many present approaches to WCM: animal behaviors are rigid and homogeneous; wildlife exhibit idealized wild behavior and prefer pristine habitats; and human–wildlife relationships are of marginal or secondary importance relative to nonhuman interactions. We found that these management interventions insufficiently considered animal learning, decision-making, individuality, sociality, and relationships with humans and led to unanticipated detrimental outcomes. To address these shortcomings, we synthesized theoretical advances in animal behavioral sciences, animal geographies, and animal legal theory that may help conservation professionals reconceptualize animals and their relationships with humans. Based on advances in these fields, we constructed the concept of animal agency, which we define as the ability of animals to actively influence conservation and management outcomes through their adaptive, context-specific, and complex behaviors that are predicated on their sentience, individuality, lived experiences, cognition, sociality, and cultures in ways that shape and reshape shared human–wildlife cultures, spaces, and histories. Conservation practices, such as compassionate conservation, convivial conservation, and ecological justice, incorporate facets of animal agency. Animal agency can be incorporated in conservation problem-solving by assessing the ways in which agency contributes to species’ survival and by encouraging more adaptive and collaborative decision-making among human and nonhuman stakeholders.     

生物法净化挥发性有机废气的吸附-生物膜理论模型与模拟研究

针对挥发性有机废气的生物法净化过程,进行了吸附-生物膜新型理论的相关动力学模型研究.经采用实验室数据和工业应用试验结果的对比验证表明,该模型对描述实际过程有很好的适用性.应用该模型对人口气体甲苯浓度、气体流量及生物膜填料层高度等主要因素的影响进行模拟研究,模拟计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性,相关系数r为0.80～0.97.     

企业安全投资背后的利益博弈探讨

利用职业安全卫生费用模型结合博弈论原理,对企业安全投资背后的利益冲突与协调问题进行了浅析.研究表明:企业凭借资本优势在与政府和劳动者的利益博弈中为了寻求经济利益最大化减少安全投资,使企业安全度大大降低,导致事故频发是政府、企业和劳动者之间利益博弈的结果.此外,劳动者的合法权益得不到保护,造成其在利益博弈中处于弱势地位是造成安全生产现状的重要原因之一.