植物对环境污染的适应代价

生物长期暴露在低浓度污染环境中会作自我调整来适应环境.适应继续, 其代价即可检测到.一般来讲,适应代价由进化代价和生态代价组成.进化代价主要集中在污染程度上,也就是说,适应于目前环境的植物群落会失去适应其他环境的能力,进化敏捷性减弱.尽管有一些学者并不赞成,但有大量科学数据支持这一观点.生态代价指的是生物适应寒冷、炎热、干燥和其他压力的能力降低,这些都是基于trade-offs理论产生的.     

质点群动态分布律及其应用

质点群动态分布律,可定量地表示进入容器或空间内的质点群,受外力作用后,当其产生沉降或运动时的状态分布特征,并简介用它来解决重力、离心力、静电力、磁力及其合力作用下的一系列各类除尘器或分选器的基本理论问题和部分工程实际方面的问题.     

焦作市人-环境系统的结构、发展与协调控制研究

应用协同学与耗散结构中的自组织理论方法,研究了焦作市人-环境系统的结构,发展与协调控制途径。根据自组织理论的一般方程,建立了一个动态耦合模型系列,提出了一套适合于模型特点的参数调谐方法。应用该模型系列,预测了2010年以前焦作市这一人-环境系统的发展状态,分析了该系统所面临的人口、能源、资源、环境问题的特点,给出了协调控制的途径并就焦作市未来的发展提出了建议。     

资源型城市发展拐点理论及其意义

本文根据资源型城市发展历程,提出基于循环经济模式的资源型城市发展的拐点理论,用以研究资源型城市发展的规律。分析了资源型城市发展拐点出现的必然性、周期性、滞留性和方向不确定性等基本特性,给出了资源型城市发展拐点变化趋势判别条件及数学表述,对城市发展方向和变化趋势进行了预测,为资源型城市发展预警机制的建立提供了依据。     

管道内烟气喷雾脱硫的研究

对不同SO2 初始浓度下 ,竖直管道内利用石灰浆喷雾脱除烟气中二氧化硫的方案做了实验研究 ,以模拟石灰液喷雾对燃煤锅炉尾气中SO2 的吸收效果。结果表明 ,可以在较低的钙硫摩尔比下 ,用这一方法使中等浓度SO2 烟气获得较高的脱硫效率。本研究结合双膜理论和双反应面模型 ,对石灰浆滴吸收SO2 的机理给出了解释 ,说明了实验现象和某些类似实验研究的结果。     

The maximum power principle: An empirical investigation

The maximum power principle is a potential guide to understanding the patterns and processes of ecosystem development and sustainability. The principle predicts the selective persistence of ecosystem designs that capture a previously untapped energy source. This hypothesis was investigated empirically in controlled and replicated tests conducted in planktonic microcosms. Microecosystems that developed under a pH-controlled light regime, in which light duration was altered based on changes in an ecosystem-controllable variable (water column pH), were compared with those that developed under fixed photoperiods. According to the principle, pH-decreasing (and power-increasing) organization should selectively persist under pH-controlled light. To assess changes in pH dynamics that occurred under the alternative selection regime, in which photoperiods were not linked with pH-affecting selection or organization, the microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods were subjected to pH-controlled light on the last day of each test. The daily light duration increased 506 min on average in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light and 412 min on average in microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods. Selective reinforcement of acid-secreting blue-green algae in response to CO₂ and nutrient limitations could account for the greater increase in power acquisition in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light.     

Decision making in dune management: theory and practice

Effective decision making depends upon the availability of quality information. Procedures involved in assessing dune vulnerability and protection require monitoring of sporadic processes and information must be collected from many discipline sources. In particular, a significant challenge to strategic management is recognition of subtle discontinuities which could undermine the long term stability of the dune system. These changes may be irregular and/or non linear requiring managers to be aware of existing parameters, patterns and emerging discontinuities. A range of components within the system should be measured on a systematic, temporal and spatial basis. An environmentalchecklist is a useful management technique which systematises information, so that strategic objectives can be made operational and achievable. Problems can be identified and solved with this methodology particularly if it is incorporated into aW problem solving model. The checklist procedure proposed in this paper has been developed and tested in field conditions for a range of north-west and south-European dune systems. Whereas a universalchecklist applicable to all systems is utopian in aim, intra and extra-regional comparisons can be undertaken with only minor modifications of some components. Parameters covering site and dune morphology, beach condition; surface character of the seaward 200 m of the dunes; pressure of use and recent protection measures are the basis for calculating vulnerability and protection indices. The balance between these indices can be determined, analysed and form the foundation for future informed management decisions.     

基于前景理论和BWM的深基坑支护方案综合评价

针对深基坑施工工程的复杂性及决策者风险态度对多指标决策的影响,构建了融合前景理论的深基坑施工支护最优方案选择模型。首先建立深基坑支护方案优选决策问题的多目标评价指标体系,借鉴TOPSIS思想将正、负理想方案作为决策者参照值,在此基础上,进一步将灰色关联分析法引入前景理论定义了正、负价值函数;通过BWM方法得出各指标的客观权重,根据权重函数得到决策者对客观权重的主观评价,在此基础上计算每个备选方案的综合前景值并排序,获得最优支护方案。最终通过两个工程实例验证了模型的有效性,并通过与其他方法比较说明了该模型在准确性方面的优势。     

湘潭某新建小学安全现状及管理措施研究

为减少湘潭某新建小学校园安全事件的发生,本文采用安全检查表对该校进行安全隐患排查,通过排查发现该校存在一定的安全隐患问题,主要集中在“物的不安全状态”和“不良环境”2个方面,针对隐患依据4M理论从“人—机—环—管”4个方面提出合理可行的安全管理措施及隐患消除方法。经分析,该校校园环境中存在的安全隐患可通过采取科学有效的方法进行治理。希望本研究可以为小学校园安全管理提供一定的思路。     

Who is susceptible and why? An agent-based approach to assessing vulnerability to drought

In this paper, we specify susceptibility to drought from a psychology-based bottom-up perspective. On the basis of the protection motivation theory (Rippetoe and Rogers in J Pers Soc Psychol 52(3):596–604, 1987), we developed the protection-capacity model (Krömker and Mosler in Global environmental change in Alpine regions: impact, recognition, adaptation, and mitigation. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 93–112, 2002) to analyse the susceptibility with respect to the protection capacity of agents. The protection capacity is determined by the agents’ subjective assessment of the situation, which consists of the appraisal of threat, on the one hand, and the coping appraisal, on the other hand. Additionally, the protection-capacity model specifies several factors which influence the two central appraisal processes. Empirical data were collected in interviews with experts and with a total of 65 exemplarily selected households which are typical for the respective case study regions (Andhra Pradesh, India; Algarve and Alentejo, Portugal; Volgograd and Saratov, Russia). The data were analysed with the help of fuzzy set methodology. Results show that the households of the Indian region are the most susceptible when compared to those of the Russian region with ‘low’ and to households of the Portuguese region with a ‘very low’ degree of susceptibility. Moreover, we identified subgroups within the regions which are characterized by different degrees of susceptibility and a different profile of factors influencing susceptibility. Altogether, the agent-based perspective allows identifying relevant factors that need to be addressed to minimize susceptibility of the population and special subgroups. However, the results are not representative for the case study regions because of the small database. Additionally, more effort is needed to validate the findings.