新型旋流除尘器在100万吨/年乙烯装置尾气除尘中的应用

为了去除石化行业乙烯装置裂解炉烧焦尾气中的颗粒污染物,对传统用于气体除尘的旋风分离器进行改进,设计了一种新型旋流除尘器,并将其应用于乙烯装置裂解炉清焦过程中.经新型旋流除尘器处理后,出口气中焦粉颗粒质量浓度基本控制在15 mg/m3以下,符合GB 31570—2016《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的排放要求(≤20 m...     

湛江临海区域氯离子沉降速率对比研究

目的 研究热带海洋大气环境中SVCl-的影响因素及变化规律.方法 在湛江市临海陆地区域,通过湿烛法采集SVCl-样品,利用Cl?选择电极分析样品Cl?含量,获得SVCl-.分析热带海洋大气环境SVCl-与地理位置、温度、湿度等环境因素的相关性.结果 地理位置对SVCl-影响显著,在风大、浪高海区的临海区域,SVCl-是...     

旋风分离器内流场的数值模拟及方法分析

基于交错网格的SIMPLE方法对切向入口旋风分离器内的流场进行了数值模拟 ,为了分析验证不同湍流模型的适用效果 ,分别选用了标准的k -ε模型、Smith修正的模型和Chen Kim修正的模型。通过对同一工况模拟结果与实验数据的比较 ,发现Smith修正的湍流模型更适合于预报像旋风分离器内这种具有返转流动的强旋流场     

热喷涂高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层热带岛礁大气环境腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究Zn-Al合金涂层在热带海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,为低合金钢长效防护涂层的选用提供依据。方法 采用电弧热喷涂和高铝合金丝制备高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层,通过户外暴露试验,采用目视、扫描电镜及能谱仪、金相显微镜、XRD、电化学交流阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等方法,对不同暴露周期的涂层宏观、微观表面形貌、成分组成、截面形貌、腐蚀产物组成、电化学性能和腐蚀速率等进行观察、测试。结果Zn-Al合金涂层是以质量比为50%:50%的Zn/Al合金组成。在0～540 d周期内,涂层腐蚀产物主要由碱式锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn₆Al₂(OH)₁₆CO₃·H₂O和羟基锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn_0.70Al_0.30(OH)₂(CO₃)_0.15·x H₂O、Zn_0.71Al_0.29(OH)₂(CO_3<...     

The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters

Human emissions of greenhouse gases are already changing our climate. This paper provides an overview of the relation between climate change and weather extremes, and examines three specific cases where recent acute events have stimulated debate on the potential role of climate change: the European heatwave of 2003; the risk of inland flooding, such as recently in Central Europe and Great Britain; and the harsh Atlantic hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, it briefly assesses the relation between climate change and El Ni?o, and the potential of abrupt climate change. Several trends in weather extremes are sufficiently clear to inform risk reduction efforts. In many instances, however, the potential increases in extreme events due to climate change come on top of alarming rises in vulnerability. Hence, the additional risks due to climate change should not be analysed or treated in isolation, but instead integrated into broader efforts to reduce the risk of natural disasters.     

静电旋风除尘技术的现场试验

对静电旋风除尘技术的机理进行了探讨,现场试验表明,此技术用于电厂旋风水膜除尘器的改造,可将平均除尘效率由９２．５５％到９８．４％,且对不同浓度的烟尘除尘效率比较稳定,在处理烟气量为１０６００Ｎｍ＾３／ｈ时,阻力为８００－９２０Ｐａ,高压电源的单位能耗为０．２Ｗ·ｈ／（ｍ＾３·ｈ）。     

多层栽培制度在提高热带退化土壤生产潜力方面的作用和机制

针对老胶园普遍存在的严重土壤侵蚀、肥力下降、胶乳产量低等现象,本研究结合胶园更新布置了四种PEMLU模式。几年来的试验结果表明,PEMLU模式中的FEF模式比对照减少径流量66.7％,减少土壤冲刷量65.1％,有机质从原来的0.536％增加到1.34％。四种模式增加凋落物累积量83—288％,并促进了胶树生长,开割前年均每公顷可增产值2830—6650元。WRT模式具有较强的抗灾能力。本文用FWBG模型对四种PEMLU模式进行了定量分析。结果表明,FEF模式具有最优的综合效益。WRS模式具有投资少、效益高的特点,适于大面积推广。     

Changes in Size of Deforested Patches in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract: Different deforestation agents, such as small farmers and large agricultural businesses, create different spatial patterns of deforestation. We analyzed the proportion of deforestation associated with different‐sized clearings in the Brazilian Amazon from 2002 through 2009. We used annual deforestation maps to determine total area deforested and the size distribution of deforested patches per year. The size distribution of deforested areas changed over time in a consistent, directional manner. Large clearings (>1000 ha) comprised progressively smaller amounts of total annual deforestation. The number of smaller clearings (6.25–50.00 ha) remained unchanged over time. Small clearings accounted for 73% of all deforestation in 2009, up from 30% in 2002, whereas the proportion of deforestation attributable to large clearings decreased from 13% to 3% between 2002 and 2009. Large clearings were concentrated in Mato Grosso, but also occurred in eastern Pará and in Rondônia. In 2002 large clearings accounted for 17%, 15%, and 10% of all deforestation in Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia, respectively. Even in these states, where there is a highly developed agricultural business dominated by soybean production and cattle ranching, the proportional contribution of large clearings to total deforestation declined. By 2009 large clearings accounted for 2.5%, 3.5%, and 1% of all deforestation in Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia, respectively. These changes in deforestation patch size are coincident with the implementation of new conservation policies by the Brazilian government, which suggests that these policies are not effectively reducing the number of small clearings in primary forest, whether these are caused by large landholders or smallholders, but have been more effective at reducing the frequency of larger clearings.     

The disaster warning process: A study of the 1981 Gujarat cyclone

This paper reports on the channels through which warning of the impending disastrous cyclone of October–November 1981 was received and disseminated in the districts and villages of Gujarat in Northwest India. The process is slow and laborious, and efforts are in hand to improve the speed and efficiency of warning methods. Some of the problems likely to be encountered are discussed.