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51.
本文分析了我国的地震灾害，阐述了近代地震灾害的特点和发展趋势，指出地震预报既是强烈的社会需求，也是全球性的科学难题，最后较为全面地介绍了我国地震预报的主要进展。 相似文献
52.
Recent literature suggests that a “shared politics of place” attained through joint activities fosters social integration and provides people with a means to practise co-operation [Baumann, G., 1996. Contesting culture: discourses of identity in multi-ethnic London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sanjek, R., 1998. The future of us all: race & neighbourhood policies in New York City. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Sennett, R., 2012. Together: the rituals, pleasures and politics of cooperation. UK: Penguin]. Such a “shared politics of place” is most likely to occur in the context of public space conceptualised broadly as “the setting for everyday spatial behaviour of individuals and communities, emphasizing ordinary activities of citizens” [Lownsbrough, H. and Beunderman, J., 2007. Equally spaced? Public space and interaction between diverse communities. London: Demos, p. 8]. Here we explore one element of such public space – urban agriculture sites – with a view to identifying the extent to which a “shared politics of place” can be created and nurtured among the cultivating citizenry. The paper draws on data collected on allotment gardening sites in two urban contexts: Dublin (Ireland) and Belfast (Northern Ireland) over the period 2009–2013. We demonstrate the centrality of allotment cultivation to the generation of solidarity, mutuality and trust among participating citizens. Individuals engaging in allotment gardening in both Dublin and Belfast create and sustain civil interfaces – dismantling barriers, exchanging knowledge, challenging stereotypes, generating empathy and getting on with the business of simply getting on with their lives. The modus operandi of allotment gardening is predicated on a willingness to disregard social and ethno-national categorisations while on site. This is not to deny that such differences exist and persist, but allotments offer a “space of potential” where those differences are, at least for a time, rendered less salient. 相似文献
53.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(6):769-783
Using the goal of a 10% reduction of SO2 emissions in China's 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010) as a case study, this paper analyses how environmental goals are used in a large country with multi-level governments and insufficient rule of law. After the central government set up the goal, the mitigation burden was shared among local governments, and mechanisms were designed to enhance their commitment to the goal. This paper found that in the 11th Five-Year Plan, both the central and local governments were much more committed to SO2 mitigation than previously, which could help to explain China's recent significant reduction of SO2 emissions. The case indicates that goals can effectively plan and manage environmental protection and other national government agendas. 相似文献
54.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(6):848-861
This paper explores the spatial distribution of soil sealing in a compact and mono-centric urban region of southern Europe through multivariate statistics and spatial analysis. The study demonstrates how simple indicators developed at the local scale can provide insight in the analysis of urbanisation-driven soil sealing. Based on a high-resolution land-use map, a ‘sealing profile’ was determined for each municipality of the Athens’ urban region, by analysing the distribution of land occupied by 22 classes of imperviousness using a Principal Components Analysis. Four indicators of soil sealing have been developed (percentage of pervious land, per capita sealed land, soil sealing intensity and diversity in soil sealing intensity) and the investigated municipalities classified accordingly. All indicators were found correlated to the distance from the city centre of Athens. Three groups of municipalities (strictly urban, suburban and rural municipalities) have been identified based on the four sealing indicators and the distance from the inner city. Results suggest that the spatial distribution of soil sealing in Athens reflects the transition from a mono-centric and compact urban form to a polycentric and dispersed agglomeration, with implications for urban containment policies. 相似文献
55.
城中村是中国快速城市化进程中的一个普遍现象,由于缺乏统一规划和专门管理,城中村的高火灾风险成为当前面临的重要问题并得到社会各界关注.为获得昆明市城中村火灾的特点和规律,从2004-2006年昆明市火灾统计记录中区分出城中村和非城中村火灾数据,在此基础上采用Bayes统计分析城中村不同用途建筑物的火灾发生概率及概率比例.结果表明,相比城中村其他用途的建筑,居住用房火灾概率较低,而具有生产和加工性质的行业作坊、易燃易爆场所和娱乐场所的火灾概率较高,分别是居住用房的48倍、26倍和18倍.进一步采用火灾原因-场所关联对比分析了城中村和非城中村火灾的特点.从火灾发生场所看,与非城中村相比,城中村居住场所火灾发生比例高7.2%,路边可燃物高88.8%,木材、家具加工厂高184.8%,易燃易爆场所高521.4%; 从火灾原因看,城中村电气、电线短路致灾比例高1 2%,限制行为能力人(小孩和精神病人)致灾比例高65 1%,燃放烟花爆竹致灾比例高3.5%,吸烟致灾比例高50.9%,违章操作致灾比例高59.0%.这些差异基本上反映了城中村的主要外在特征,这些外在特征经城中村实地调研得到证实. 相似文献
56.
为了探究城市基础设施系统关联关系对城市韧性的影响,采用理论分析和python模拟相结合的方法研究城市关联基础设施系统在扰动下的韧性变化过程。首先,基于韧性机制和多层网络理论,构建城市关联基础设施网络;然后,探究在功能关联下,城市关联基础设施网络受到3种外界扰动后的级联失效过程,并基于基础设施系统机能曲线法,构建城市关联基础设施网络韧性评估模型;最后,以湖南省中部偏北某县作为研究对象进行实例研究。结果表明:关联网络中电力节点的聚类系数明显高于整体平均水平;通信网络的抵御能力和恢复能力是5类基础设施网络中最强的,韧性水平也最高;随着网络中节点失效概率增大和网络层数的增加,整体关联基础设施网络及其子网络的可靠性逐渐降低;网络效率在介数恢复策略下恢复至较高水平时间较短,说明对此基础设施网络使用介数恢复策略更为合适。 相似文献
57.
针对我国山区村镇洪灾特点,以神农架林区为对象,提出了基于云模型的洪灾承灾能力评价方法。针对山区村镇条件和山洪特点,构建评估指标体系;建立基于逆向云发生器和综合云算法结合专家打分区间和最可能值确定指标权重、使用条件云发生器获得量化指标的评价水平、耦合得到评价结果的评价方法,并对全区八个乡镇的山洪承灾能力进行了评估,为林区规划提供科学依据。结果表明,林区各村镇山洪承灾能力总体较低,孕灾环境恶劣,专项应灾能力明显落后,其中松柏镇、阳日镇、红坪镇和下谷坪乡属于低水平,木鱼镇与新华镇属于较低水平,宋洛乡属于中等水平,九湖镇为高水平。案例结果表明该方法能够直观地将客观数据和主观认识反映为综合结果,有利于获得可靠的结论。 相似文献
58.
城市应急能力建设是保障城市公共安全的关键环节。当前我国城市应急能力建设重“硬件”轻“软件”,导致在城市灾害应对过程中效果不佳。选取受2016年南方洪涝影响严重的武汉市作为研究对象,对城市内涝灾害治理过程中应急“软能力”的现状及功能进行剖析,提出在制度适应、风险管理以及理念协调等方面的重构思想,并论述城市应急“软能力”的提升路径:建立健全防灾导向的城市规划制度,推进协同导向的城市灾害风险管理,加强完善教育导向的城市灾害文化建设。 相似文献
59.
60.
ABSTRACT. This research examines the impact of high rates of interest upon the least cost system design for urban drainage systems when water quality is a critical parameter. Results of examination of twelve alternative system designs in a case study watershed indicate the least cost study design is highly sensitive to the rate of interest, but not sensitive to the water quality parameters. When the high rates of interest currently prevalent are introduced into the model those systems which contain open channel collection components are selected as the least cost system. At low rates of interest pipeline collection components are selected as the least cost system. Holding pond components of system design are cost effective at several levels of water quality. They are neutral to the rate of interest so they are incorporated in least cost systems at all the levels of interest rates. The results of the study indicate that at the current high rates of interest open channel collection systems and holding ponds are cost effective system components to achieve selected levels of water quality in urban drainage system design. 相似文献