Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

省域生态环境质量动态评价及差异研究

以2010~2015年30个省域为研究对象，采用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”框架构建评价指标体系，运用逐层纵横向拉开档次法确定指标权重，运用“时间度”和“熵值”法确定时间权重，构建TOWA-GA混合算子生态环境质量动态评价模型.结果表明：6a来，30个省域生态环境质量总体均值为0.837，整体呈好转趋势，但省域间差异明显.通过Theil指数分析发现，省域间总体差异下降了15.91%，人口密度和人口自然增长率是省域间差异的主要影响因素.     

深圳地铁罗湖车站深基坑位移监测结果分析

依据基坑监测的实际数据，通过分析桩锚支护结构的水平位移挠曲线，论述了锚索的锚固效果及相应的改进方法，总结桩背土体深层位移的特点和发展趋势，同时利用灰色模型对支护结构进行了位移预测、比较，说明了其准确性。     

喷射成形制造工艺

喷射成形是一种先进的材料制备技术,该技术具有近终形制造的特点,近年来已广泛应用于研究和开发多种高性能快速凝固材料.文中介绍了喷射成形工艺过程、特点,并回顾了喷射成形工艺的发展历程及现在所达到的技术水平.     

爆炸冲击波作用下靶板的塑性大变形响应研究

对四边约束方形靶板 ,在爆炸冲击波作用下的塑性大变形响应情况 ,进行了理论分析与试验研究。运用能量守恒的方法 ,同时考虑试验过程中靶板的边界约束条件 ,得到了四边约束方形靶板在爆炸冲击波作用下发生塑性大变形时挠度的半经验公式。理论计算与试验结果吻合性较好 ,这种方法可应用于板结构在爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤或防护方面的工程预测     

城市地铁暗挖施工地层变形机理及控制实践

笔者结合深圳地铁一期工程的某些暗挖标段工程及地质条件 ,在土层性质试验研究的基础上 ,深入分析了地层大变形机理及其主要影响因素 ,由此确定了地层大变形控制的原则和技术措施。在施工中 ,应用地层变形控制原则及相应的综合技术措施后 ,使地层变形大幅度降低 ,满足了地表环境保护的要求 ,取得了预期的效果     

特大型煤和瓦斯突出的地质条件及其成因

特大型煤和瓦斯突出危害极大，具有独特的发生条件，应专门研究。在全国９９ 次特大型煤和瓦斯突出详细研究的基础上，总结了特大型突出的一般特征及发生的地质和采矿条件，并给出了南桐矿区的几个临界值。对特大型突出地质条件的成因进行了较深入的探讨，提出了防止特大型突出的几点建议     

铁炭内电解垂直流人工湿地对污水厂尾水深度脱氮效果

针对污水厂尾水总氮(TN)含量偏高、微生物可利用碳源低的问题,构建铁炭内电解垂直流人工湿地(ICIE-VFCW)装置,研究了ICIE-VFCW对尾水的处理效果,并采用紫外-可见光光谱(UV-VIS)、凝胶过滤色谱(GFC),进一步探讨了ICIEVFCW强化脱氮机制.结果表明,ICIE-VFCW可提高系统对尾水中COD的去除,出水COD可稳定在30 mg·L~(-1)以下,全年、暖季、寒季COD平均去除率较普通垂直流人工湿地分别可提高10.16%、9.81%、11.22%.系统出水TN可维持在10 mg·L~(-1)以下,全年、暖季、寒季TN平均去除率较普通垂直流人工湿地分别提高13.72%、12.90%、16.17%.经过人工湿地处理后,污水中有机物的腐殖度、芳香度及相对分子质量(Mr)均有所下降,且ICIE-VFCW中Mr下降更为明显.湿地基质掺杂铁炭可促进尾水中大分子有机物转化为小分子,为微生物提供更多可利用碳源,从而提高脱氮效率.     

垦殖对湿地土壤有机碳垂直分布及可溶性有机碳截留的影响

通过测定和计算兴凯湖地区沼泽湿地及由其垦殖而来的旱田和水田土壤剖面有机碳含量和密度及土壤剖面不同深度土壤溶液中可溶性有机碳含量,分析了垦殖对兴凯湖周边沼泽湿地土壤有机碳垂直分布及土壤剖面截留可溶性有机碳的影响.结果表明,垦殖显著影响湿地0～40 cm土壤有机碳含量,大豆田和水稻田0～10、10～20、20～30、30～40 cm土壤有机碳含量与湿地相比分别降低了79.07%和82.01%、79.01%和82.28%、79.86%和92.90%、37.49%和78.05%;40 cm以下土层土壤有机碳含量垦殖前后差异不显著.大豆田和水稻田有机碳密度相比沼泽湿地分别降低了25.50%和47.35%,但三者1 m深土壤中大部分的有机碳均是储存在0～50 cm土层中.垦殖前后土壤有机碳含量与深度之间的关系均可用指数函数来描述,垦殖改变了土壤有机碳含量但并未改变其随土壤深度的变化规律.垦殖为大豆田土壤剖面对可溶性有机碳的截留效果较湿地和水稻田更明显,沼泽湿地和水稻田对可溶性有机碳的截留效果大致相当.     

Application of CGP-cross route process for microstructure refinement and mechanical properties improvement in steel sheets

A modified method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) entitled constrained groove pressing-cross route (CGP-CR) was introduced for imposing a high magnitude of equivalent strain of about 2.32 per pass on the sheet form samples. The major benefit of this improved route compared to previous common route was the more homogeneity of strain in the rolling (RD) and transverse (TD) directions of sheets. In this study, low carbon steel samples were used for examination of evolutions in microstructure and mechanical properties during SPD via CGP-CR process. Mechanical properties improvement were measured by tensile and macro hardness tests. The results indicate that CGP-CR process can effectively improve tensile strength; and also, yield stress and hardness of as-received low carbon steel samples were improved up to about 100% after two deformation passes. Also, high magnitude of inhomogeneity can be observed in hardness distribution through first pass of the process which diminishes in the subsequent passes. Microstructural evolutions during process were monitored by optical microscopy observations and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results demonstrate that initial ferritic microstructure with grain size of about 30 μm was refined to a 225 nm cell structure after two passes of CGP-CR process.