某隧道进口段边坡的变形破坏机理分析

某隧道进口段滑坡的发生是由于隧道开挖过程中破碎围岩向隧道开挖临空面位移,进而引发的坡面岩土体的失稳。数值模拟结果表明,因隧道开挖引起的洞顶区边坡岩体应力水平下降的区域一直延续到地表,这种应力场的变化会直接导致边坡表面的变形和破坏,表现在以隧道轴线为中心,向两侧呈扇形展开的坡体产生了一定的沉降变形。对比结果表明滑坡区与由隧道开挖引起的坡体附加位移较大的区域基本相当,说明此滑坡是由于隧道开挖引起了围岩应力场调整,导致围岩产生向洞内的位移变形,从而使岩体发生松动而引发的。     

中条山东段植被垂直带的数量分类研究

在野外调查的基础上,应用有序样方聚类法对中条山东段植 垂直带进行了数量分类研究,结果为：１．落叶阔叶林带,包括４个亚带：（１）侧柏林带（５００￣８００ｍ）,（２０松栎林带（８００￣１８００ｍ）,（３）栓皮林带（１４００￣２０００ｍ）和（４）杨桦林带（１９００￣２２００ｍ）;２．山地草甸带（２１００￣２３５８ｍ）。此外,与前人的划分结果进行了比较,结果表明,有序样方聚类法的结果更符合实际情况。     

库岸涉水滑坡危险性现状分析与预测评价

为合理评价库岸涉水滑坡危险性,基于层次分析法与模糊理论,构建滑坡危险性现状评价模型,并利用优化支持向量机构建滑坡变形预测模型,通过对比分析实现滑坡危险性综合判断。结果表明:大柿树滑坡危险性现状为69.78分,风险等级为Ⅲ级,属高度危险;通过危险性预测评价,滑坡变形呈持续增加趋势,将趋于不利方向发展;综合滑坡危险性现状分析与预测评价结果可知,滑坡危险性相对较大。研究结果可为滑坡灾害防治提供一定理论依据。     

自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器运行研究

设计一种自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器,采用间歇运行的启动方式,对比研究1号系统(完全空白系统)、2号系统(垂直下行流生活污水处理器系统)和3号系统(自动增氧型垂直下行流生活污水处理器系统)对SS、COD、TP、TN的去除效果。结果表明,经过45d的启动时间后,3号系统对SS、COD、TN、TP的4d去除率分别达到91.8%、82.4%、93.4%和91.6%,去除效果优于2号系统;3号系统在较短停留时间内就可以获得理想的去除效果。     

HIPS阻燃复合材料三元潜在火灾危险性评价

将高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒(纳米/微米级)、十溴二苯乙烷颗粒、三氧化二锑、弹性体、分散剂和偶联剂通过一步熔融共混工艺先行制备UL94 V-0级阻燃母粒,再将其与HIPS本体树脂按不同比例混合制得阻燃复合材料,并利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)及ISO 5660锥形量热计三项测试表征制得样品的燃烧和火灾性能,从中提炼和分析LOI、垂直燃烧等级和最大热释放速率(Pk HRR)等三元关键指标相关性,给出了定性定量相结合的潜在火灾危险性分级范围。结果表明:UL94燃烧等级和Pk HRR相关性体现为当Pk HRR≤330.0 k W/m~2时,试样UL94等级均为V-0级;UL94燃烧等级和LOI相关性体现为随UL94燃烧等级从V-0降到HB时,试样LOI从27.0降到17.0;Pk HRR与LOI相关性体现为Pk HRR与LOI呈粗略反向线性相关性;UL94燃烧等级、Pk HRR和LOI三元相关性体现为当LOI22.0、Pk HRR为399.0~665.0 k W/m~2时,材料UL94燃烧等级介于HB~V-2。     

SPATIAL ECONOMICS OF TARGETING MANURE POLICY1

ABSTRACT: Increasing specialization separates animal production from cropland, complicating manure management. To assist policy targeting efforts, we highlight areas where on-farm use of manure may be problematic. Matching confined animal production with land, on the farm- rather than at the county-level, gives our analysis an advantage over previous studies in avoiding aggregation problems. With manure-based water quality problems, data aggregated to the county level may fail to convey the heterogeneity of animal production across regions and animal types. Aggregation bias blurs the distinction between areas with specialized animal production and those that merely have numerous animals. We estimate bias from using county aggregates, show its distribution spatially and by animal sector, and link it to concentration. Ongoing vertical integration in agriculture likely alters in-county variability in facility scale and scope, and may influence decisions about which data we should gather and use.     

Transport and Diffusion of Ozone in the Nocturnal and Morning Planetary Boundary Layer of the Phoenix Valley

The evolution of ozone (O ₃) in the nocturnal and morning-transitional planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the Phoenix valley was measured as a part of the `Phoenix Sunrise Experiment 2001' of the U.S. Department of Energy conducted in June 2001. The goal of the field program was to study the transport, distribution and storage of ozone and its precursors in the urban boundary layer over a diurnal cycle. The ground level O <sub>3</sub> as well as mean meteorological variables and turbulence were measured over the entire period, and vertical profiling (using a tethered balloon) was made during the morning transition period. Approximately half of the observational days showed the usual diurnal cycle of high O <sub>3</sub> during the day and low O <sub>3</sub> at night, with nitrogen oxides (NO <sub>x</sub> = NO <sub>2</sub> + NO) showing an out of phase relationship with O <sub>3</sub>. The rest of the days were signified by an anomalous increase of O <sub>3</sub> in the late evening ( 2200 LST), concomitant with a sudden drop of temperature, an enhancement of wind speed and Reynolds stresses, a positive heat flux and a change of wind direction. NO <sub>x</sub> measurements indicated the simultaneous arrival of an `aged' air mass, which was corroborated by the wind predictions of a mesoscale numerical model. In all, the results indicate that the recirculation of O ₃ rich air masses is responsible for the said high-O ₃ events. Such air masses are produced during the transport of O ₃ precursors by the upslope flow toward mountainous suburbs during the day, and they return back to the city at night via downslope winds (i.e. mountain breeze). The corresponding flow patterns, and hence the high-O ₃ events, are determined by background meteorological conditions. The vertical profiling of O ₃ and flow variables during the morning transition points to a myriad of transport, mixing and chemical processes that determine the fate of tropospheric O ₃. How well such processes are incorporated and resolved in predictive O ₃ models should determine the accuracy of their predictions.     

Geochemical and Geophysical Monitoring of Salinewater Intrusion in Korean Paddy Fields

The saline water intruded zone in paddy fields near the seashore can be diagnosed accurately by joint exploration with geophysical and geochemical methods. Using the electromagnetic (EM) sounding technique, the weakly consolidated zone which introduces saline water into such an area of near seashore paddy fields in Korea was detected from the variation of electrical conductivity distribution following field irrigation. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger array and chemical analysis of top soils, and groundwater in the study area verified the intruded zone near the surface. The VES results showed that the intrusion of seawater occurred in the form of a channel down to 30 m below sea level. Geochemical analysis of the top soil samples for the six major elements found in seawater indicated that the region showing high concentrations is concordant with the weakly consolidated zone near the surface. The degree of contamination in the study area was investigated by comparing the soil data with those from a nearby old reclamation field. If remediation work is not done for this intrusion zone, the sodicity degree in the paddy soil is expected to increase compared with the reference site data.     

无缝钢管成形件偏心的原因和防治方法

结合无缝钢管冲孔 拔伸工艺 ,分析了钢管锻件产生偏心的原因 ,并从工艺和模具结构方面探讨了防治钢管产生偏心的措施 ,可为生产无缝钢管及其他孔径要求较高的长筒形零件的行业提供参考     

大亚湾沉积物中137Cs纵向迁移研究

鉴于海洋沉积物是^137Cs在海域内迁移的最终归宿．建立了沉积物中污染物纵向迁移分布的定量模型，在机理分析中充分考虑了海水-表层沉积物界面上通过沉降、扩散、吸附-解吸等作用完成的物质传输，并对大亚湾内4个监测点底质芯样中^137Cs活度进行了模拟分析，对未来底质中^137Cs的富集趋势进行了预测。