Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia

Introduction. Prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration from grass-cutting machines has been associated with increasing occurrences of symptoms and signs of occupational diseases related to hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out using an adopted HAVS questionnaire on hand–arm vibration exposure and symptoms distributed to 168 male workers from the grass and turf maintenance industry who use hand-held grass-cutting machines as part of their work. The prevalence ratio and symptom correlation to HAVS between high and low–moderate exposure risk groups were evaluated. Results. There were positive HAVS symptoms relationships between the low–moderate exposure group and the high exposure group among hand-held grass-cutting workers. The prevalence ratio was considered high because there were indicators that fingers turned white and felt numb, 3.63, 95% CI [1.41, 9.39] and 4.24, 95% CI [2.18, 8.27], respectively. Less than 14.3% of workers stated that they were aware of the occupational hand–arm vibration, and it seemed to be related to the finger blanching and numbness. Conclusion. The results suggest that HAVS is under-diagnosed in Malaysia, especially in the agricultural sectors. More information related to safety and health awareness programmes for HAVS exposure is required among hand-held grass-cutting workers.     

一种提高飞行器结构天地力学环境地面试验有效性的方法及其应用

目的研究提高飞行器结构地面试验有效性的途径。方法计算同一被试件结构在飞行状态和地面试验状态下的有限元模型,测量地面试验状态下的模态以验证有限元模型的正确性;计算各特征点(也可以是遥测点)在天地状态下的响应,用机器学习法获取各特征点的映射关系模型;基于该模型由飞行点响应(或遥测数据)确定出地面试验件对应点的响应,并用载荷反求法得到它们的等效载荷;最终确定施加在试验系统上的载荷。结果以细长体结构为例,所得到由其组成试验系统的有限元模型与实测模型之间的固有频率最大相对误差为6.76%,利用映射关系模型预测出对应点在飞行状态下的振动响应。确定了飞行状态下结构响应的特征点,由地面试验系统所对应的响应点反推出应施加的载荷为60 N。结论利用天地数值计算-地面试验验证联合法,无需在地面试验状态下刻意模拟飞行状态的边界条件,确定出所需要施加的载荷,从而提高了飞行器地面试验的有效性。     

民用飞机机载设备振动试验要求和应用分析(一) DO 160F/G民用固定翼飞机机载设备振动试验要求

阐述了民用飞机机载设备振动环境的特点和振动试验分类,归纳和汇总了DO 160F/G中的各类民用飞机机载设备的振动试验要求,包括振动谱、振动量值和试验持续时间等,并进行了分析和说明,以便于查阅和使用。最后对民用飞机机载设备振动试验方法的应用进行了概括,介绍了民用固定翼飞机的机载设备振动试验要求,按设备在机上的区域不同进行分类,详细地对比说明各个位置上设备的振动试验要求;介绍了民用直升机的机载设备振动试验要求。     

大功率单刀双掷开关振动耐受性能试验研究

目的为保证某型大功率开关振动耐受性能满足应用环境的要求,对该型大功率单刀双掷开关的振动耐受性能进行研究。方法通过振动模拟试验,对其实际工作能力及振动极限进行验证和摸底,在实施开关直流信号随机振动试验和大功率射频信号随机振动试验的基础上,首次实施开关直流信号步进振动试验、大功率射频信号步进振动试验。利用等效电路方法建立单刀双掷开关信号传输路径模型,对开关振动瞬断所导致的射频传输性能影响进行理论分析。结果在直流信号试验和大功率射频信号试验中,A开关在x,y向试验中出现了多次瞬断,最长瞬断时间为63.6μs,B开关顺利通过所有试验。同一频率下,寄生电容越小,隔离度越高;同一寄生电容下,频率越高,隔离度越小。结论实现了开关振动性能的考核和摸底,该研究为大功率开关的可靠性设计和系统的减振设计提供了数据支撑和解决途径。     

民用飞机机载设备振动试验要求和应用分析（二）

阐述了民用飞机机载设备振动环境的特点和振动试验分类,归纳和汇总了DO 160 F/G中的各类民用飞机机载设备的振动试验要求,包括振动谱、振动量值和试验持续时间等,并进行了分析和说明,以便于查阅和使用。最后对民用飞机机载设备振动试验方法的应用进行了概括,介绍了民用固定翼飞机的机载设备振动试验要求,按设备在机上的区域不同进行分类,详细地对比说明各个位置上设备的振动试验要求;介绍了民用直升机的机载设备振动试验要求。     

城际铁路地下段运营振动对上部埋地燃气管道的影响

以某城际铁路下穿埋地燃气管道工程为例,应用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论建立了车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,计算了250 km/h行车速度下的钢轨扣件支点反力;利用ANSYS建立了包括轨道、隧道结构、土体和燃气管道的三维有限元模型,以钢轨扣件反力为输入荷载,分析了列车运营条件下燃气管道的振动响应特性,并分析了会车对燃气管道振动响应特性的影响。结果表明,当列车单向运营速度为250 km/h时,燃气管道的最大振动加速度为1.175×10~(-3)m/s~2。如果在管道下方会车,列车运行振动对埋地燃气管道的影响范围显著增大,振动位移幅值和加速度幅值增幅分别为85.2%和75.8%,最大位移为2.21×10-5m,最大振动加速度为2.12×10~(-3)m/s~2。根据预测计算结果判断,本工程列车单向运营引起的埋地燃气管道的振动烈度小于I度,会车时振动烈度略大于I度。     

水下振动台关键技术的研究

本文从理论和实践两方面分析研究了水下振动台的若干关键技术问题,主要包括运动部件的设计、冷却系统的设计、密封系统的设计、压力平衡系统的设计等。解决了水下振动台设计所存在的难题。     

Influence of aeration modes on leachate characteristic of landfills that adopt the aerobic–anaerobic landfill method

As far as the optimal design, operation, and field application of the Aerobic–Anaerobic Landfill Method (AALM) are concerned, it is very important to understand how aeration modes (different combinations of aeration depth and air injection rate) affect the biodegradation of organic carbon and the transformation of nitrogen in landfill solid waste. Pilot-scale lysimeter experiments were carried out under different aeration modes to obtain detailed information regarding the influence of aeration modes on leachate characteristics. Results from these lysimeter experiments revealed that aeration at the bottom layer was the most effective for decomposition of organic carbon when compared with aeration at the surface or middle layers. Moreover, the air injection rate led to different nitrogen transformation patterns, unlike the lesser influence it has on organic carbon decomposition. Effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were observed for the aeration mode with a higher air injection rate (=1.0 L/min). On the other hand, the phenomenon of sequenced nitrification and denitrification could be observed when a low air injection rate (=0.5 L/min.) was employed. Finally, it is concluded that, for AALM, air injection with a higher air injection rate at the deepest layer near the leachate collection pipe tends to accelerate the stabilization of landfill waste as defined in terms of the enhancement of denitrification as well as organic carbon decomposition.     

随机振动的描述及其试验与仿真

阐述了随机振动的描述方法,随机振动试验条件和相关参数的计算等。并结合实例,介绍了随机振动有限元仿真的流程及其工程意义,以便在深入了解随机振动原理的基础上,指导随机振动试验和有限元仿真的开展。     

振动台漏磁屏蔽应用研究

根据电动振动台的工作原理,详细分析电动振动台磁路结构及漏磁场的来源,通过进行测量分析,并提出一种有效的漏磁场屏蔽措施。