滇池流域土地利用景观空间格局对水质的影响

选用综合水质评价方法,对滇池流域进行水质评价。选取斑块数量（NP）、斑块密度（PD）、最大斑块指数（LPI）、最大形状指数（LSI）,作为表征景观空间格局的参数,来分析流域优势斑块对水质的影响。对水质评价结果与景观指数进行相关性分析得出：居民点及工矿用地斑块数量越多、形状越不规则,有利于延缓水质状况的恶化;耕地斑块越大,越集中,本身产生的面源污染浓度就越高,而流经耕地的径流中的污染物浓度则会因大斑块的吸附过滤作用而降低;林地斑块密度越大,对污染物的截留纳污作用就越大,而斑块越大,可能产生局限性,导致未流经林地的污染物直接进入河流而影响水质。     

京津冀大气污染传输通道区大气污染时空格局研究

客观理解京津冀大气污染传输通道城市（“2+26”城市）空气污染时空格局对于区域大气污染联合防治具有重要意义.本研究采用遥感数据反演的PM_2.5浓度产品，利用趋势分析法和重心分析法，揭示了京津冀城市大气污染传输通道区2000~2015年大气污染时空格局演化特征.结果表明：（1）区域PM_2.5平均浓度整体呈现出太行山脉区域较低，太行山脉以东较高的格局，城镇地区明显高于周边地区.（2）2000~2015年区域PM_2.5年均浓度总体呈增加趋势，主要表现在2000~2007年，呈显著增加趋势的面积占全区的88.48%，之后呈稳定状态.（3）区域PM_2.5污染重心位于衡水、邢台和德州3市交界处，区域北部大气污染较严重.本研究可为京津冀及周边地区大气污染防治政策制定和措施实施提供参考与支持.     

苏南某镇土壤重金属污染的景观格局特征

评价土壤重金属污染等级并掌握其空间格局特征,对区域土壤环境保护和治理具有重要意义.以苏南某镇8种土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn为研究对象,综合运用单因子评价法、内梅罗综合评价法、地统计分析法、景观格局的粒度效应及景观指数分析方法,在污染评价的基础上,分析了研究区土壤重金属的景观格局特征.结果表明:1研究区各土壤重金属单因子污染指数及内梅罗综合评价指数的均值取值范围为0.145~0.893,整体污染程度低,且南部地区污染程度低于北部;2 As、Pb、Hg和Zn面源污染特征明显,其中As和Pb空间分布特征相似,Hg和Zn空间分布特征相似;Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni点源污染特征显著,其中Cd和Cr空间分布特征相似,Cu和Ni空间分布特征相似;3土壤重金属景观的适宜粒度为30~40 m;4研究区土壤重金属低含量区域面积比例最大,较低含量区域边界最复杂,各污染程度区域分布相对集中且综合污染破碎化程度低.表明研究区重金属污染源数量尚少且分布集中,但有进一步发展的趋势,整体处于土壤重金属污染的早期阶段.     

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.     

A Methodology Framework for Regional Land-use Change Studies based on Landsat TM images: A Case Study in Northeast China

Abstract

Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. This paper analyzed the land- use change in Northeast China during 1985–2000 based on Landsat TM images. It divides Northeast China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree model of land-use: woodland/grassland-arable land conversion zone, dry land-paddy field conversion zone; urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing and reclamation and abandon zone. The findings include the obvious increase of cropland area, paddy field and dry land increased by 75 and 276 thousand hm² respectively; urban areas expanded rapidly, areas of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand hm²; areas of forests and grassland decreased sharply with the amounts of 1399 and 1521 thousand hm² respectively; areas of water body and unused land increased by 148 and 514 thousand hm² respectively. This paper also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zone and finds that some key biophysical factors affect conspicuously the conversion of different land-use types. The relation between land-use conversion and DEM, accumulated temperature (≤10°C) and precipitation was analyzed and represented. The land-use changes In Northeast China resulted from the changing macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population growth and management changes can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland-cropland conversion zone. The conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land-paddy field conversion zone, apart from the change of physical elements promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market economy in China has given farmers the right to decide what and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially from the change of the dietary habit along with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is caused primarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation managed by local governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandon zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of farming than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In Northeast China, the rapid expansion of built-up areas results from two factors: the existence of a small number of towns and the huge potential for expansion of the existing towns and cities. The urban land expanded mainly in areas with a gentle topographic relief and low population density.     

Study on Development of the West of Shandong Province Based on Overall Regional Development Planning Pattern

The overall regional development planning pattern has been considered to be a new and effective pattern as for development of provincial economy. The article analyzed the current conditions of the west of Shandong Province and tried to find the generation mechanisms of current non-balanced economic development of Shandong Province. And then approaches to regional development were put forward according to the theory of regional development pattern as a whole.     

Integrating ecosystem services evaluation and landscape pattern analysis into urban planning based on scenario prediction and regression model

ABSTRACT

Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including (1) analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics; (2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model (SLEUTH-3r model); and (3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation, model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.     

东北三省农田生态系统碳排放时空分异特征及驱动因素研究

根据2000—2014年东北三省碳排放的相关数据,结合空间探索性分析及地理加权回归等模型方法,对研究区农田生态系统碳排放量的空间集聚性、差异性及其重要驱动因素进行研究.结果表明:东北三省农田生态系统碳排放量存在比较显著的全局空间正相关,自相关性在整体上表现出逐渐增强的趋势,到2014年全局Moran's I指数达到最高值0.3395.在局部空间相关关系上,东北三省农田生态系统碳排放量的高-高区域集中在黑龙江省和吉林省,低-低地区主要集中在辽宁省,表现出不平衡的发展格局.人均GDP对农田生态系统碳排放有负效应,总人口数对农田生态系统碳排放的影响从正效应转变为负效应,化肥施用对农田生态系统碳排放影响程度的空间分布格局发生了较大变化,代表生产技术水平和能源消耗的农业化肥施用量和农业机械总动力因素对农田生态系统碳排放的影响较大,东北三省农田生态系统碳排放和农业机械总动力相关程度有逐渐趋同的趋势.     

南方冰冻雨雪灾害年的环流及气象要素异常的统计分析

利用NCEP/NCAR的2.5°×2.5°格点的逐日再分析资料,通过分析我国南方19个冰冻雨雪灾害年的36个冰冻雨雪天气个例的环流形势,总结了发生冰冻雨雪天气的4种天气类型:北脊南槽型、乌山脊型、横槽南支型和高纬低涡型,后两种天气类型持续时间长、影响范围广,极易造成南方严重的持续冰冻雨雪灾害;进一步分析南方持续冰雪天气的物理量场和要素场特征,结果表明,对流层低层850~700 hPa辐合中心较垂直上升速度中心提前1~2 d出现,预示低温雨雪增强;冻雨严重年份在700 hPa维持大于0℃的融化层,南支槽前的西南急流为雨雪天气提供了水汽和热量输送,这种配置利于冻雨天气的发展和维持。天气类型的建立及气象要素的统计有利于为南方冰雪灾害天气预测预警服务。     

中国省际碳排放极化格局研究

温室气体减排是减缓气候变化的重要途径.由于资源、劳动力、资本和技术等要素的差异,我国社会经济发展不平衡,碳减排的潜力也各不同.文章在计算中国雀际碳排放的基础上,运用基尼系数和空间自相关的方法,刻画了1990年到2007年中国省际碳排放时空分布格局和聚集程度,有利于设立合理的长期减排目标和战略,实现碳排放空间的公平分配,促进区域协调发展.研究表明,碳总量和碳强度都呈现正的空间自相关性,在局部空间上出现了高值的聚集现象.碳强度的极化现象比碳总量更加严重.文章最后根据区域经济发展,资源禀赋,碳排放聚集等,因地制宜地提出了碳排放区划方案.区划结果显示出资源丰裕程度与碳强度的关系,有利于实施差异化的减排战略,实现经济发展与碳排放脱钩.