电化学降解与声电化降解苯胺溶液的对比实验研究

采用电化学和声电化两种方法处理苯胺溶液．考察了处理时间、苯胺浓度、pH、电解质浓度、电解电压等因素对苯胺降解率的影响,并对两种方法处理的溶液分别进行紫外分析。实验结果表明．在其他条件相同的情况下．声电化降解所得苯胺降解率远远大于采用电化学方法所得降解率。     

On Methods for Analyzing Ecotones of Forest Margins

A simple method for the quantitative gradient analysis of a xerotermic forest-margin ecotone is described. In this method, the mean value of the coefficient of similarity between all plots of the transect is used for estimating the rate of changes in species composition. Changes in the phytosociological spectrum are analyzed. The method adequately reflects trends in the displacement of forest species by forest-margin, steppe, and meadow species.     

Dynamics, deterministic nature and correlations of outdoor (222)Rn and (220)Rn progeny concentrations measured at Bacău, Romania

The long-term variation, nature and correlations of outdoor ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn progeny concentrations measured during the period 1994-2009 were investigated. The time series of data were obtained within the framework of the monitoring program performed by the Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring Station (ERMS) Bac?u, a component part of the National Environmental Radioactivity Survey Network (NERSN), coordinated by National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). The measuring method is based on the total beta measurements of atmospheric aerosol filters, using a low background total beta counter and (⁹⁰Sr/Y) reference standard. Analysis of the time series of progeny concentrations in the low atmosphere makes evident different patterns of variation of these concentrations: diurnal, seasonal and annual. A possible relationship of progeny concentration increase with global warming is emphasized. In order to find the dominant frequency of the physical processes determining progeny concentration variability the power spectrum has been used. The deterministic nature of the time series of concentrations has been studied making use of the autocorrelation function and stationarity of the original data and of their phase randomized time series. Also, the correlations with meteorological parameters have been investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient with corresponding level of significance.     

台风湍流积分尺度与脉动风速谱——基于实测数据的分析

基于4个台风过程中的长时间序列风速、风方向观测数据，分析研究了近地台风的湍流积分尺度和脉动风速谱等脉动特性。介绍了湍流积分尺度的几种常见的计算方法，基于实测台风数据，分析研究了台风过程中湍流积分尺度的变化以及不同计算方法的稳定性。根据实测数据计算了纵向脉动风速谱，并与Von-Karman谱、Davenport谱、Simiu谱和Harris谱等经验谱进行了比较，给出了最适合描述台风纵向脉动风速谱的经验谱。还计算了横向脉动风速功率谱，并与基于各向同性湍流理论推导出的水平横向脉动风速谱进行了对比。     

Spectral tests of randomness for spatial point patterns

We develop a spectral framework for testing the hypothesis of complete spatial randomness (CSR) for a spatial point pattern. Five formal tests based on the periodogram (sample spectrum) proposed in Mugglestone (1990) are considered. A simulation study is used to evaluate and compare the power of the tests against clustered, regular and inhomogeneous alternatives to CSR. A subset of the tests is shown to be uniformly more powerful than the others against the alternatives considered. The spectral tests are also compared with three widely used space-domain tests that are based on the mean nearest-neighbor distance, the reduced second-order moment function (K-function), and a bivariate Cramér-von Mises statistic. The test based on the scaled cumulative R-spectrum is more powerful than the space-domain tests for detecting clustered alternatives to CSR, especially when the number of events is small.     

左氧氟沙星的超声/H2O2联合降解研究

采用超声/H2O2高级氧化技术对喹诺酮类抗生素左氧氟沙星进行降解,考察了H2O2浓度、超声功率、溶液初始pH值对反应过程的影响.结果表明,与单独超声和H2O2氧化相比,超声/H2O2对左氧氟沙星具有明显的协同降解作用. H2O2 添加浓度在3.0~20.0mmol/L范围, 左氧氟沙星的降解率随其添加浓度的增加而增加;超声功率在260W时降解效果最佳;左氧氟沙星初始浓度在10~30mg/L范围内,左氧氟沙星的降解量随其初始浓度的增加而增加;超声/H2O2降解左氧氟沙星在未调节(pH 7.14)效果最佳. HPLC分析发现降解过程主要有2种产物生成, 产物的生成和分布受体系pH的影响较大.     

藻类的光谱吸收特征及其混合藻吸收系数的分离

利用定量滤膜技术测定了实验室培养的聚球藻(Synechococcus7942)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorell apyrenoidosa)、直链硅藻的吸收光谱(MelosiragranulateVar.angustissima),通过其标准化吸收谱,分析了同种藻不同生长时期的吸收谱特征,并比较分析了不同藻类的标准化吸收谱.结果表明,同一藻的标准化吸收光谱在不同生长时期基本恒定不变.色素组成及其比例的不同是引起藻类间吸收光谱变化的主要原因,同时也是大型浅水湖泊中浮游植物种群演替的原因之一.蓝藻光谱主要存在620nm左右的吸收峰,使得其在水体中较易获取生长所需的光能.直链硅藻在短波范围内稍强的吸收能力被非藻类颗粒物、黄质所弱化,而其在630nm的吸收峰较低,因而难以成为浅水湖泊中的优势种;绿藻在655nm处的吸收肩峰有利于其光能竞争.通过纯种藻的标准化吸收谱,较为成功地对混合藻的吸收谱进行了分离.     

估计近场地震动的统计—经验格林函数法

本文提出统计-经验格林函数法,用以估计缺乏小震记录场点在大震时的地震动时程。统计-经验格林函数的富里哀幅值谱从其它类似场地获得的小震记录的富里哀谱的衰减关系中得到,其相位谱则直接取自小震记录的相位谱。本文分别用经验格林函数法和统计-经验格林函数法,用迁安台记录到的1976年唐山地震的三次余震(M_L 5.8、M_L 5.7和M_L 5.4)的加速度记录,合成唐山地震的最大余震滦县地震(M_s 7.1)时迁安台的加速度时程曲线,合成结果说明了所提方法的可行性。     

桥梁相邻结构相对位移反应谱研究

基于相干函数和我国抗震设计规范定义的反应谱模拟了空间变化地震动,计算了桥梁相邻结构在不同视波速和相干程度空间地震动激励下的相对位移反应,以此确定为避免桥梁相邻结构碰撞所必需的伸缩缝最小间距,并分析了地震动空间变化和结构振动特性对桥梁相邻结构最大相对位移反应的影响。结果表明:地震动的空间变化对桥梁相邻结构的相对位移反应有着重要影响,当桥梁相邻结构拥有相似的振动频率时,影响最大;抗震设计标准推荐的调整相邻结构基本频率相近而减小相邻结构间的相对位移,从而达到避免结构碰撞的建议,仅在地震动空间变化效应可以忽略的前提下才有效。