密封充氢环境条件下固态电化学氢气传感器效应试验研究

目的研究密闭充氢环境下固态电化学氢气传感器效应。方法设计能模拟低氧、低氢和压力变化的密闭充氢环境,并在此环境中进行一系列氢气传感器效应试验,分析、评定试验数据。结果得到了不同环境下氢气、氧气浓度随时间变化的规律,提出固态电化学氢气传感器的有效工作环境,并预测了其在不同贮存环境下的工作寿命。结论密闭充氢环境内压力和温度的变化对固态电化学氢气传感器影响较大,湿度影响较小,注气检定合格的氢气传感器,在密封容器内扩散式检定,不合格率高,检定数据误差大于±5%FS。     

海底铁锰氧化还原过程的模拟研究

本文用室内海水-沉积物平衡箱研究了沉积物间隙水中铁、锰的垂直变化分布和随时间变化的分布,Fe~(2+)随深度、时间的变化幅度大,在六个月的实验期内均是如此,而Mn~(2+)在放置三个月后即趋于稳定;Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+)产生的宏观经验动力学表明:Fe~(2+)受pH影响远比Mn~(2+)大,且随着深度的增加更为明显,Fe~(2+)在较下层产生速率大,而Mn~(2+)反之;Fe~(2+)的扩散转移是上覆海水向沉积物中转移,扩散量为-60.7ug/m~2d,Nn~(2+)转移方向相反,扩散量为1746.2ug/m~2.d。     

水喷淋作用下建筑通道烟气蔓延特性模拟研究

采用数值模拟研究在单喷淋作用下建筑通道内烟气的蔓延特性,并对不同喷淋压力条件下烟气质量流量、温度及CO体积分数随时间的变化进行对比,对引起喷淋作用下烟气蔓延速度及烟气成分浓度变化的主要原因进行了分析.结果表明,增加喷淋压力对烟气的降温作用增强,降低了烟气在通道内的蔓延速度;同时,喷淋引起的烟气拥塞增加了流出喷淋覆盖区的烟气的CO体积分数,使得烟气毒性加大.     

废弃印刷线路板碘化法浸金研究

针对碘化法从废弃印刷线路板中提取金的工艺设计,分别考察了碘的质量分数、n(I₂)/n(I^-)比值、固液比、双氧水的质量分数、pH值、浸出时间和浸出温度对金浸出率的影响。结合正交设计优化实验方法,提出了从废弃印刷线路板中碘化法浸取金的最佳工艺条件：碘的质量分数为1.1％,n(I₂)∶n(I^-)=1∶10,双氧水的质量分数为1.5％,浸出时间4 h,固液比为1∶10,浸出温度为常温（25℃）,溶液pH值为中性,此时金浸出率可达97.5％。     

非孤立街道峡谷大气流动及污染物扩散特征

实际城市街道皆为非孤立街道,采用数值模拟方法研究了等高与不等高非孤立街道峡谷的大气流动及汽车排放污染物扩散特征.通过与已有的风洞实验结果对比,发现二者较吻合,并且目标街道峡谷上下游建筑物的存在对目标峡谷内部的流场和浓度场有很大的影响.与孤立街道峡谷相比,非孤立街道峡谷中污染物的浓度要远高于孤立街道峡谷中污染物的浓度,而且随着上下游建筑物的增加,使到达目标街道峡谷的风速相对减弱,污染物在峡谷中难以扩散,造成了峡谷内部污染物浓度会随着峡谷数的增加而增大.并且发现不等高峡谷建筑物高度存在一个临界点.      

电解浮选用于活性污泥固液分离的研究

在装有Ti/RuO₂-IrO₂-TiO₂阳极、Ti阴极的电解浮选槽中进行了活性污泥固液分离的研究.考察了影响电解浮选性能的操作参数,这些参数包括水力停留时间、电流密度、进水SS浓度和进水pH值.研究表明,电解浮选是高效的固液分离单元,水力停留时间和电流密度是主要的影响因素.SS的去除率随着水力停留时间和电流密度的增加而增大;污泥负荷增加,SS的去除率下降;pH值影响电解产生微气泡的尺寸和污泥性质,但对SS的去除影响不大,实际应用中可以不调节pH值.进水SS约1 000mg/L时,当水力停留时间为20min,接触室电流密度为5 mA/cm²,分离区电流密度为2.5 mA/cm²,SS的去除率可达97%以上,此时的能耗为0.4～0.5(kW.h)/m³废水.电解浮选产生的浮渣含水率为95.9%,低于溶气气浮和二沉池的污泥含水率,对污泥减量化及其最终处置有较大的意义.     

湿式密集纤维栅对矿山粉尘的过滤效率

金属矿山粉尘净化一直是深井空气环境治理的技术难题,为解决单层纤维栅并列插板结构体积大、孔隙率高等问题,在毛细管润湿效应产生水膜的净化理论基础上,建立了湿式密集纤维栅净化机制的物理模型,利用等效假设推出了湿式密集纤维栅的过滤净化效率式。采用正交实验分析了各因素对密集纤维栅净化效率的影响。根据分级净化效率的实验结果对理论效率公式进行了量纲一的修正,应用湿式密集栅纤维层过滤实验系统进行粉尘净化实验,实验结果表明：湿式密集纤维栅在实验最优组合情况下对粒径小于5 μm的呼吸性粉尘净化效率可达92.36％,具有良好的实际应用效果。     

A composite medium approximation for unsaturated flow in layered sediments

Saturated-unsaturated flow in strictly layered sediments proceeds via conductors in parallel in the direction parallel to bedding, and via resistors in series in the direction perpendicular to bedding. On sufficiently small scales of space and time, flow in such media will be subject to approximate capillary equilibrium locally, which provides a basis for approximating the effective hydraulic conductivity of a composite multi-layer medium in terms of the conductivities of the individual layers. Equations for the hydraulic conductivity tensor in "composite medium approximation" (COMA) are given in a coordinate system aligned with bedding. Hydraulic conductivity parallel to bedding is generally larger than in the perpendicular direction. The anisotropy depends on the spread of the conductivity distribution, and tends to increase for dryer conditions. The COMA model was implemented in a multi-phase flow simulator and tested by comparison with high-resolution simulations in which all layering heterogeneity is resolved explicitly. Under favorable conditions, COMA is found to accurately represent sub-grid scale flow and transport processes, providing a practical method for simulating field-scale flow and transport in layered media. The approximation improves when layers are thinner, and when flow rates are smaller.     

Particle-size-fractioned transfer of dioxins from sediments to water columns by resuspension process

Particle-size-fractioned transfer of dioxins from sediments to water columns by resuspension process was investigated, using supernatant samples obtained from shaking experiments of sediment-water pairs simulating natural disturbances. The concentrations (dry-matter mass basis) of individual compounds (Cfraction) in two particle size fractions (0.1-1 and 1-10 μm) in the supernatants were generally slightly higher than those in the original sediment (Csed). Cfraction/Csed ratios ranged from 0.45 to 5.9 (median 1.5) without consistent differences among congener groups or consistent correlations against the number of chlorine atoms. The dioxin concentrations in the water column associated with the remaining sediment particles can therefore be estimated by those in the original sediment and by the concentration of suspended sediment particles in the water. The concentration of each compound in the remaining sediment particles (mostly 0.1-10 μm in size) can be roughly estimated by multiplying the concentration in the original sediment by 1.5.     

低温降解六六六优势菌种的选育研究

通过实验,筛选出低温条件(≤10℃)下降解六六六的优势菌株--1号菌株,同时利用正交实验测得该菌株的最佳降解条件为:pH=5.5、接菌量2 g/L、NH4Cl 0.8 g/L、KH2PO4 0.6 g/L、MgSO4 0.2 g/L.在此条件下,经30 d驯化后的菌株对六六六的降解率由原来的54.71%提高到62.58%