“暖冬”对农业生产及农业灾害的影响

本文分析了江苏省近几十年来、特别是８０年代以来冬季气温的变化特征,根据农业灾害发生的条件,讨论了“暖冬”对农业生产及农业灾害的影响,为农业生产部门和防灾抗灾部门决策提供科学依据．     

孕期和哺乳期环境剂量氯氰菊酯暴露对子代雄性小鼠青春期启动的影响

氯氰菊酯（cypermethrin,CP）是一种应用广泛的拟除虫菊酯类农药,作为潜在的环境污染物和内分泌干扰物,其围产期暴露对子代具有一定的毒性作用。为探究孕期和哺乳期氯氰菊酯环境剂量暴露对子代雄性小鼠青春期启动的影响,将ICR小鼠在妊娠第6天至子代出生后（postnatal day,PND）第21天,暴露于0、6.7、20和60 μg·kg^-1·d^-1氯氰菊酯,观察子代雄性小鼠青春期启动情况,同时分别检测PND22小鼠下丘脑、垂体、睾丸组织中GnRH、KISS-1、CGα、LHβ、FSHβ、StAR和CYP1A1的表达水平以及血清中促性腺激素释放激素、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素和睾酮的含量。检测PND21 ICR小鼠下丘脑和睾丸组织体外暴露于0、6.7、20和60 μg·L^-1氯氰菊酯后丙二醛、总谷胱甘肽、NO含量和总超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果表明,在60 μg·kg^-1·d^-1的氯氰菊酯暴露剂量下,子代雄性小鼠青春期启动日龄减少（P<0.01）;20～60 μg·kg^-1·d^-1显著诱导促性腺激素释放激素、黄体生成素和睾酮分泌（P<0.05）;6.7～60 μg·L^-1体外暴露24 h会对下丘脑和睾丸组织产生氧化损伤。孕期和哺乳期氯氰菊酯环境剂量暴露可导致子代雄性小鼠青春期启动提前,下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴相关激素分泌总体上调。本研究结果为准确、全面评估拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的环境安全与健康风险提供科学依据和理论基础。     

论中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的法律监管

战略性关键矿产资源是矿产资源中的关键少数。一方面,因其直接且深度地关涉国家经济安全、国防安全和国际竞争等战略性问题而具有重大战略价值;另一方面,其对国家关键技术的突破和重大发展需求的满足发挥着不可替代的作用,因此具备关键性属性。保障战略性关键矿产资源安全既是保障中国国家资源安全的核心要义,又是实现并长久地维护中国国家安全的“牛鼻子”。以保障中国国家安全为目标,梳理中国现行的战略性关键矿产资源安全法律监管体系,发现在监管规则的功能性构造和监管效能的制度性提升上还有完善空间。从规则供给来看,以《矿产资源法》《矿产资源法实施细则》《国家安全法》《外商投资法》以及《出口管制法》等为代表的现行法尚不完备,表现为因价值彰显缺损而导致法律规定呈现零散和细碎的状况;因基本原则的缺位而影响安全价值的承载和安全规则的体系化生成;因关键安全规则的缺失而致核心安全制度失位。在总体国家安全观的指引下,应从法律价值、法律原则和法律规则三个维度分层建构中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的监管规则体系。在法律价值层面,应凸显安全为首要价值追求;在法律原则层面,增列“国家主导原则”“储备优先原则”和“减缓耗竭原则”方能承载安全价值的法理意蕴,并为安全监管规则的体系化生成提供原则依循;在法律规则层面,应补救在名录清单、控制性开发以及矿业权外资准入的国家安全审查等关键规则的缺失。如此,才能形成“价值-原则-规则”的法规范闭环,为中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的法律监管提供坚实的法规范基础。     

内江市沱江流域实现可持续发展的途径探讨$$$$##6研究方法

本文对内江市沱江流域经济-环境系统1995～2010年时段可持续发展进行了预测分析，指出了该区域实现可持续发展的可能途径和对策措施．     

Biodegradation of Poly(Aspartic Acid-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers by Miscellaneous Microbes from Natural Water

Poly(aspartic acid-itaconic acid) copolymers (PAI) is a new scale inhibitor for water treatment. Thus, it is necessary to investigate its biodegradability. The biodegradability of PAI was investigated through CO₂ evolution tests under different conditions based on determination of carbon dioxide production. The investigation results showed that the degradation rate of PAI on day 10 and day 28 were respectively 38.7 and 79.5%, indicating that PAI was one kind of easily biodegradable scale inhibitors. With the increase in the content of itaconic acid in copolymerization process, the biodegradability of PAI was significantly reduced. In addition, the high biodegradability might be attributed to the existence of C–N bone-structure and more –COO–. Finally, Cu²⁺ could decrease the degradation percentage and the enzyme inhibition effect of Cu²⁺ was not the linear effect, but the “low-dosage effect”.     

H(+)/phenanthrene symporter and aquaglyceroporin are implicated in phenanthrene uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic to human and nonhuman organisms. Dietary intake of PAHs is a dominant route of exposure for the general population because food crops are a major source of dietary PAHs. The mechanism for crop root uptake of PAHs remains unclear. Here we reveal that wheat root uptake of PAHs involves active and passive processes. The passive uptake is mercury and glycerol dependent. Mercury and glycerol inhibit uptake, indicating that aquaglyceroporins sensitive to mercury contribute to passive uptake. Active uptake is mediated by a phenanthrene/H symporter. The electrical response of wheat roots triggered by phenanthrene consists of two sequential phases: depolarization followed by repolarization. The depolarization is phenanthrene concentration dependent, with saturation kinetics that have an apparent of K(m) 10.8 μmol L(-1). As uptake proceeds, external solution pH increase is noticed. Lower pH favors the uptake. Vanadate and 2,4-dinitrophenol suppress the electrical response to phenanthrene and phenanthrene uptake, suggesting that plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is involved in the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient acting as a driving force for active uptake. Therefore, it is suggested that aquaglyceroporin and phenanthrene/H symporter are implicated in phenanthrene uptake. Our results provide insight into PAH uptake mechanism in wheat roots that is relevant to strategies for reducing PAH accumulation in wheat for food safety, improving phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils or water by agronomic practices and genetic modification to target remedial plants for higher PAH uptake capacity.     

基于多Agent的危险化学品安全生产信息采集系统设计

安全生产监管是政府的重要职责,直接关系到国家财产和人民生命安全.安全生产监管中,以危险化学品的监管为重中之重.提高安全生产监管的信息化程度是降低监管强度、提高监管效率行之有效的方法.构建了由管理Agent、采集Agent、故障诊断Agent、通信Agent组成的分布式信息采集多Agent系统,将安监局监管中心对危险化学品生产过程监管的信息采集任务下移到企业端,利用多Agent系统实现危险源生产状态参数的采集、监控及分析;设计了该信息采集系统各类Agent的结构和功能.利用多Agent系统实现分散于各企业的危险源生产状态参数的信息采集、监控及分析,预测和诊断生产过程中的异常状况.通过Agent之间的合作、并行求解使危险化学品安全生产信息采集的问题得到较好地解决.     

耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布监测法

查清中低产田的面积、分布与开发条件是制定农业综台开发规划的重要依据。采用按公里网布设的农业资源动态监测系统,开展对耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布的动态监测,其方法具有准确、简便和实用的特点。