循环冲击荷载下含孔洞岩石损伤特性与能量耗散分析

为探究隧道工程开挖过程中外部荷载对隧道围岩多重扰动的影响,采用霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置进行不同冲击荷载(0.6、0.7、0.8 MPa)和冲击方式(等幅与不等幅冲击气压)下的循环冲击试验,以此分析冲击载荷作用下含孔洞岩石试件的动力学特性、损伤特征、能量耗散和破坏形态。结果表明:基于一维应力波理论和界面连续条件得到适用于含竖向孔洞岩石试件计算的改良损伤计算公式;竖向孔洞的存在会影响岩石应力-应变曲线的变化趋势,并在经历数次冲击后尤为显著;花岗岩损伤积累随平均应变率增大呈幂函数增长,且随冲击荷载的增加呈现良好的规律性;积累比能量吸收值随循环冲击的进行逐渐增大,且试件的破坏模式经历了横向拉伸破坏、横向拉伸-轴向劈裂组合形式、轴向劈裂破坏的转变。     

基于3类空间变化的阿克苏河流域碳排放轨迹及生态环境效应

干旱区内陆河流域生态本底脆弱敏感但生态区位非常重要,针对该类地区科学评估人工绿洲扩张引起的农业、城镇和生态“3类空间”变化引起的碳排放和生态环境效应问题,对于把握各土地利用类型的碳排放特征、制定土地利用减排策略、促进生态文明建设、优化国土空间格局具有重要意义.以新疆干旱区内陆河流域阿克苏河流域为研究对象,基于土地利用数据和社会经济数据,采用碳排放系数法测算土地利用碳排放,利用空间自相关分析法和标准差椭圆分析阿克苏河流域3类空间碳排放的空间演化特征,基于生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率探究阿克苏河流域3类空间变化对生态环境效应的影响.结果表明：①农业空间和城镇空间规模呈持续上升趋势,生态空间总体规模缩小.农业空间和城镇空间提供的碳源呈持续上升趋势,生态空间提供的碳汇呈先上升后下降的趋势,总体呈下降趋势;②流域净碳排放和3类空间提供的碳排放具有空间正相关性,流域碳排放的重心在总体上除生态空间向西南移动,其他空间及净碳排放均向东南移动;③流域内生态环境质量指数呈先上升后下降,总体呈下降趋势,1990~2000年生态环境质量总体好转,2000~2010年生态环境质量总体严重恶化,2010~2020年生态环境质量总体缓慢恶化.     

Light absorption enhancement of particulate matters and their source apportionment over the Asian continental outflow site and South Yellow Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Light absorption enhancement of black carbon due to the aerosol mixing states is an important parameterization for climate modeling, while emission...     

施用餐厨垃圾调理剂对果园土壤有机碳组分的影响

为研究施用餐厨垃圾调理剂对土壤有机碳组分的影响,以果园土壤为研究对象,从时间、空间维度解析长期施用餐厨垃圾调理剂对土壤有机碳积累、组成及其分布规律的影响,结合CPMI（碳库管理指数）和相关性分析,揭示施用餐厨垃圾调理剂对土壤碳汇的影响机制.结果表明,施用餐厨垃圾调理剂可显著提高土壤中w（TOC）（TOC为总有机碳）,并随施用时间的增加逐渐向深层土壤迁移,改善TOC分布状况.随着施用餐厨垃圾调理剂时间的增加,0~20 cm土壤层中w（NOC）（NOC为非活性有机碳）和30~40 cm土壤层中w（AOC）（AOC为活性有机碳）呈增加趋势,AOC分配比例低于NOC分配比例.随着施用时间的增长,0~30 cm土壤层中w（POC）（POC为颗粒有机碳）显著提高,最大值为42.94 mg/g,MOC（矿质结合态有机碳）分配比例与POC分配比例呈相反变化趋势,有利于提高土壤碳稳定性.各土壤层中CPMI均大于空白对照组,最大值为154.437,表明施用餐厨垃圾调理剂有利于提升土壤肥力.相关性分析表明,w（POC）与pH呈负相关,与含水率、EC（电导率）、w（OM）（OM为有机质）呈正相关,其中与含水率相关性最高（R=0.91）.可见,长期施用餐厨垃圾调理剂对提高果园土壤碳汇、改善土壤肥力具有重要意义,研究结果有助于进一步提升土壤碳汇的新型土壤调理剂的研发与应用.      

Removal mechanisms and kinetics of trace tetracycline by two types of activated sludge treating freshwater sewage and saline sewage

Understanding the removal mechanisms and kinetics of trace tetracycline by activated sludge is critical to both evaluation of tetracycline elimination in sewage treatment plants and risk assessment/management of tetracycline released to soil environment due to the application of biosolids as fertilizer. Adsorption is found to be the primary removal mechanism while biodegradation, volatilization, and hydrolysis can be ignored in this study. Adsorption kinetics was well described by pseudo-second-order model. Faster adsorption rate (k ₂?=?2.04?×?10^?2?g?min^?1?μg^?1) and greater adsorption capacity (q _e?=?38.8 μg?g^?1) were found in activated sludge treating freshwater sewage. Different adsorption rate and adsorption capacity resulted from chemical properties of sewage matrix rather than activated sludge surface characteristics. The decrease of tetracycline adsorption in saline sewage was mainly due to Mg²⁺ which significantly reduced adsorption distribution coefficient (K _d) from 12,990?±?260 to 4,690?±?180 L?kg^?1. Species-specific adsorption distribution coefficients followed the order of $ K_{\mathrm{d}}^{{ + 00}} \gg K_{\mathrm{d}}^{{ + - 0}} > K_{\mathrm{d}}^{{ + - - }} $ . Contribution of zwitterionic tetracycline to the overall adsorption was >90 % in the actual pH range in aeration tank. Adsorption of tetracycline in a wide range of temperature (10 to 35 °C) followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm well.     

白水江表层沉积物溶解性有机质荧光特性研究

为探究白水江表层沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)荧光特性,2018年3月采集研究区深度为0～20cm的沉积物,采用三维荧光光谱技术、区域积分法和荧光指数法,确定主要荧光物质种类,并结合表层水基本参数等数据分析荧光组分的来源、转化过程与空间分布差异。结果表明:(1)白水江表层沉积物DOM以类蛋白有机物为主,其中可溶性微生物降解产物占总体荧光物质相对含量的64.56%～73.06%;各断面均出现明显的可溶性微生物降解产物荧光峰;相比上游,中、下游荧光强度逐渐增强,并出现类酪氨酸与类色氨酸荧光峰。(2)上游至下游,总荧光组分、各荧光组分含量均呈现逐渐升高的趋势。人类活动可能是造成白水江表层沉积物DOM荧光组分存在空间分异的主导因素。     

Biotreatment of chromite ore processing residue by Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB

Chromite ore processing residues (COPR) is the source of the Cr(VI) contamination in the environment. Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB was used to treat two different types of COPRs in this research. The water-soluble Cr(VI) of COPR A and B is 3,982.9 and 1,181.4 mg/kg, respectively. In the column biotreatment process, P. phragmitetus BB can reduce Cr(VI) in the leachate to an undetectable level at the flow rate of 1 and 2 ml/min. In the direct biotreatment process, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of COPR A and B decreased from 265 and 200 mg/l to 145 and 40 mg/kg after 240 h of incubation. In one-step and two-step biotreatment processes, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of both COPRs can be reduced to an undetectable level. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure results indicate that the Cr(VI) concentration of treated COPR A (3.48 mg/l) is lower than the identification standards for hazardous wastes of China (5 mg/l) (GB 5085.6-2007). The information obtained in this study has significance for the application of P. phragmitetus BB to remediate COPR contamination.     

不同组合比例煤岩的电荷感应与微震规律试验研究

针对煤岩在屈服破坏过程中有微震和电荷信号产生这一特征,利用自行设计的微震和电荷感应信号监测试验系统,分析不同组合比例煤岩在变形破裂过程中微震和电荷信号的变化规律。研究结果表明:微震和电荷信号是低频信号,信号频谱集中分布在0~80 Hz,应力突变与微震信号和电荷信号的产生及变化有较好的一致性;随着“煤-岩”高度比的增加,试样的单轴抗压强度减小,试样屈服破裂时微震和电荷信号幅值增大,同步性增强,试件破坏的突发性增强;试件破坏过程中电荷比微震信号数更多,初次明显的电荷信号也早于初次明显的微震信号。     

钛对聚合硫酸铁制备与性能的影响

研究了由FeSO4制备聚合硫酸铁过程中,钛对聚铁聚合态分布和稳定性的影响,并进一步考察了含钛聚合硫酸铁的絮凝性能.应用络合比色法对聚铁中不同水解形态聚铁的含量进行了分析测定,并通过沉淀实验考察了不同钛含量对聚铁稳定性的影响;随后,通过出水浊度、TOC、金属离子残余量和出水pH等指标测试,研究了钛对聚合硫酸铁混凝性能的影响.结果表明,较低的钛含量(<0.025)在一定程度上有利于中聚态聚铁的形成,提高了聚铁絮凝剂的混凝效率;反之,钛含量超过0.025时不仅聚铁的稳定性显著下降,而且处理后出水的钛残留增加,pH降低.