Monoclonal antibody produced by heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application for parathion residue determination in agricultural and environmental samples

A heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which was based on monoclonal antibody (Mab) to determine parathion residue in agricultural and environmental samples. Eight Mabs were produced by introducing the heterologous indirect ELISA into the screening procedure. It was shown that these Mabs had more broad-reactivity with twenty competitors than that of 5H7 (Mab produced by homologous screening). So it became much easier using these new Mabs to develop heterologous immunoassays. In addition, all the developed heterologous ELISAs could be used to determine parathion residue in semiquantitative or quantitative level, and their detection limitation (LOD) was around 2 ng/mL. Compared with the previous heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/5H7) with IC₅₀ of 13.3 ng/mL, a better heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/1E1) was obtained with IC₅₀ of 3.8 ng/mL, which improved the sensitivity 3.5 times. Finally, the latter was applied to parathion residue determination in spiked agricultural and environmental samples without extraction or cleanup. The average recoveries of parathion added to water, soil, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and carrot were between 80.4 % and 111.8 %. The LOD for water and soil samples was 5 ng/mL, and the LOD for cucumber, rice and corn samples was 10 ng/mL.     

Prediction of particulate loading in exhaust from fabric filter baghouses with one or more failed bags

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a baghouse equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

吸附增效低温等离子体法去除甲苯废气的研究

采用150Hz中频高压交流电源作为低温等离子体发生源,选用典型的微孔γ-Al2O3球形颗粒吸附剂(以下简称γ-Al2O3)作为等离子体反应器填充材料,协同低温等离子体法催化降解甲苯废气。考察了在不同条件下,γ-Al2O3的甲苯吸脱附效果和吸附增效低温等离子体法的甲苯去除效果。结果表明,甲苯降解反应主要发生在γ-Al2O3的表面,甲苯的去除率在一定的浓度范围内与γ-Al2O3表面吸附的甲苯量成正比关系;填充γ-Al2O3有利于提高甲苯去除率及等离子体反应器能量利用率;γ-Al2O3对臭氧的降解表现出一定的促进作用。     

以秸秆及植物种子制备的生态修复环保抑尘剂及其应用效果

以农业废弃物秸秆和绿色植物种子为主要原料,辅以少量淀粉、表面活性剂、碱等助剂,研制出一种常温下即可快速配制的生态修复型环保抑尘剂。通过对抑尘剂粘度、渗透性等性能的评价,确定抑尘剂制备原料秸秆、淀粉、表面活性剂和碱的最佳质量比为20∶7∶2∶5。抑尘剂的制备工艺简单、成本低廉,且抗风蚀抗雨淋效果较好。在5级风蚀条件下,抑尘剂的抗风蚀率大于99%。经过中雨 (降雨量20 mm·d⁻¹) 雨淋后,喷洒抑尘剂的壳体依旧紧实,且结壳厚度未发生变化;对喷洒抑尘剂的场地进行生态修复效果表征,场地中所选种子生长茂盛,这表明其修复效果显著。进一步地,便携式风洞(PI-SWERL)测试结果表明,在抑尘剂喷洒60 d后,经过风速17.2 m·s⁻¹的风力侵蚀,抑尘剂的抑尘效率仍可保持在90%以上。本研究可为开发绿色、可持续的抑尘技术提供参考。     

FeOOH改性玄武岩纤维整体式材料对磷的去除性能及机理

尽管微纳米材料具有优异的环境净化功能,但直接应用微纳米材料具有潜在的生态环境威胁。本研究以惰性玄武岩纤维为基底材料,通过表面活化-Fe³⁺原位水解方法制备功能性整体式材料(FeOOH@BF)并研究其对水中磷的去除性能。X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)测试显示,在玄武岩纤维表面原位生长的羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)具有α、β两种晶体相结构。FeOOH的附着导致惰性玄武岩纤维表面具有丰富的活性铁羟基吸附位点。吸附结果表明,FeOOH改性的玄武岩纤维整体式材料可有效去除水中的磷酸根。当水中磷含量超过V类地表水质量标准10倍时,5 g∙L⁻¹的FeOOH@BF对水中磷的去除率高于80%。FeOOH@BF对水中磷的去除率随着磷初始质量浓度和pH的增大而降低。动力学吸附结果表明,FeOOH@BF对水中磷的吸附过程在达到饱和吸附以前适合用准一级动力学吸附方程描述。吸附饱和后的FeOOH@BF在0.05 mol∙L⁻¹的HNO₃溶液中经过浸泡12 h再生后,其对磷的吸附容量出现明显的降低,但仍能有效去除水中的磷酸根;当饱和吸附后的FeOOH@BF在HNO₃溶液中浸泡24 h再生后,FeOOH@BF仍可有效去除水中的磷且吸附性能趋于稳定。FeOOH@BF材料表面的铁羟基发生去质子化释放H⁺离子,导致磷酸根质子化形成HPO₄²⁻,并进一步与材料表面的铁羟基发生配体交换、离子交换和氢键等作用,进而被玄武岩纤维表面包覆的FeOOH所吸附。     

Mn-Ce复合金属氧化物催化氧化甲苯性能

通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mn-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并考察不同CeO₂负载量对MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化氧化甲苯性能的影响。利用XRD、N₂吸脱附曲线、TEM、H₂-TPR、XPS和O₂-TPD等方法表征催化剂比表面积、表面形貌及氧化还原性能。结果表明,CeO₂的负载一定程度上降低了MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的比表面积, 且催化剂仍保持介孔结构。CeO₂的存在增加了催化剂表面的化学吸附氧含量,其良好的储放氧能力促进了Mn³⁺向Mn⁴⁺的转化;Mn和Ce之间存在较强的协同作用, 与MnO_x相邻的CeO₂更容易打开Ce—O键释放活性氧, 加速氧化还原进程,Mn_0.6Ce_0.4/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂T₁₀和T₉₀与MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂相比分别降低20和40 ℃。本研究可为VOCs催化氧化技术中低成本金属催化剂的开发提供参考。     

碳纳米管电极原位产生过氧化氢及其对亚甲基蓝脱色效果简

将碳纳米管固定化制成多孔疏水性导电薄膜构建电化学阴极还原体系,实现过氧化氢在阴极的原位产生。电极特性研究表明,电极在较宽的电压范围内均具有较好的活性。考察了阴极电位、电极成分、氧气流量和电解质浓度对过氧化氢原位产生的影响,在优化条件下经过120 min后过氧化氢达到66.17 mg/L,并探讨过氧化氢原位产生的机理。在此基础上考察原位过氧化氢氧化工艺下对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果,并分析其脱色机理。     

一种新型隔热材料在原位土壤热修复工程中的表面阻隔效应

对原位热修复场地表层土壤采用有效的隔热措施,有助于实现节能降耗.纳米中空陶瓷微珠水性隔热涂料是一种新型隔热材料,导热系数低,可作为原位热修复修复场地的表面阻隔材料.通过现场实验,探究了该涂料的隔热性能及其受施工方法、实验区域尺寸等因素的影响.结果 表明,在加热井热影响区域内,新型隔热材料的温度梯度最高可达13600℃·...     

基于机器学习的大气PM2.5中金属浓度预测模型的研究

基于2013—2018年哈尔滨市气象数据、大气污染物数据和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）中金属成分数据,采用机器学习方法探索大气PM_2.5中金属浓度预测模型,并选择最优模型进行污染物浓度预测。结果表明,多元线性回归（MLR）、人工神经网络（BP-ANN）、支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF）4种模型中,RF对大气PM_2.5中5种金属［锑（Sb）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铊（Tl）］的浓度预测效果最佳,在训练集和测试集中表现均较稳定,其中相关系数（r）均＞0.7, 平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）数值较小。RF在大气PM_2.5中金属浓度预测上具有较好的表现,可在缺乏监测和实验数据的情况下,实现对大气颗粒物中金属浓度的快速预测,为全面了解颗粒物中金属污染特征提供数据基础。