柴窝堡湖富营养化水平评价

分析了乌鲁木齐市柴窝堡湖水系的近期状况,并采用综合营养状态指数法评价了湖水富营养化的程度,对改善其水质提出了几点建议。     

Long-Term Relationship between Phosphorus Inputs and Wetland Phosphorus Concentrations in a Northern Everglades Marsh

Assessments of long-term relationships between changes innutrient inputs and wetland nutrient concentrations can becomplicated by fluctuations in other environmental factors aswell as by problems typical of long-term monitoring data.Consequently, statistical analysisof these types of data sets requirescareful consideration of environmental covariates, potentialbiases in the monitoring design, and irregularities caused bychanges in field sampling protocols. We evaluated therelationship between anthropogenic phosphorus (P) inputs andwater-column total P (TP) concentrations in a northernEverglades marsh by statistically analyzing available datacollected from several sampling programs over the past 20 years(1978–1997). Canal inputs of agricultural runoff contributemost of the P to the marsh and have produced a zone ofenrichment within the marsh during the past few decades.Regression analyses showed that both canal and marsh TPconcentrations increased during the 1980s and then decreased inthe 1990s. However, the statistical relationship between canal Pinputs and marsh TP, while significant, generally was weakexcept for marsh locations adjacent to the canal. Strongerrelationships existed between marsh TP and hydrologic parameterssuch as marsh water depth, which is controlled by changes inweather patterns and marsh management. In particular, dryconditions during the 1980s may have contributed to observedincreases in marsh P concentrations and the movement of a P`front' further into the marsh. Higher rainfall and water depthsand agricultural best management programs initiated during the1990s have been associated with reduced P concentrations incanal waters entering the marsh. While it is anticipated thatthis reduction eventually will result in lower marsh TPconcentrations, this effect is not yet evident, possibly due tointernal loading of P from enriched marsh soils. Our findingsillustrate some of the environmental factors that can complicateattempts to develop empirical relationships between P inputs andwetland P concentrations and to use such relationships to forecast changesin marsh concentrations based on past monitoring data alone.     

Characterisation of Selected Lentic Habitats of Dharwad, Haveri and Uttar Kannada Districts of Karnataka State, India

Water quality survey was undertaken to study the current status of water quality of some lentic habitats of Dharwad, Haveri and Uttar Kannada districts, to provide a baseline data, comprising study of their main physical and chemical characteristics and also to evaluate the recent limnological changes those have occurred over a time period in some lentic habitats. Trophic status was also analysed. Present study reveals that Unkal lake, and B.K. Shigigatti tank of Dharwad district, Timmapur, Hosalli, and Krishnapur tanks of Haveri district are fast progressing towards hypereutrophication. Of the other tanks, Galgi tank of Dharwad district, Gudgur, Hanamapur, Medleri, and Kadkol tanks of Haveri district have reached the eutrophic stage. The anthropogenic activities, sewage and fertilizers used in agricultural fields appear to be the major causes of the eutrophication in these tanks. If the habitats have to be preserved for their intended use, sustainable and holistic management measures for the remediation of the tanks are an immediate necessity.     

苏南某市河流水质参数时空变异性研究

以苏南某市区320km2内的河流为研究对象,基于对高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、TP3个主要水质参数的监测,应用地质统计学的变差函数球状模型和Kriging插值法,对河流有机污染指标、富营养化指标进行了空间插值,用以揭示其时空分布特征及变化趋势,并绘制了时空分布等值线图。结果表明,受不同区域污染物来源的差异、不同河道自身条件的差异和不同水期水生植物、入流水量、河水流动性的差异等因素的影响,研究区河流水质参数呈现出不同的时空变异特征;各水质参数污染均相当严重,尤以富营养化指标氮磷最为显著。     

人工湿地防治湖泊富营养化污染探讨

针对湖泊富营养化问题,结合抚仙湖当前污染状况,以马料河人工湿地为例,探讨利用人工湿地控制水体水质下降、脱氮除磷机理及其去除效率.结果显示：马料河人工湿地对TN、TP、SS的去除效率分别为：44.21%、46.03%、86.6%;其中TN的去除效率与进水流速具有一定的相关性;TP的去除效率相对稳定,去除机制主要与湿地基质有关.     

浮桥河水库的营养状况与水质调控措施

浮桥河水库总磷含量、浮游植物的初级生产力和浮游动物的生物量有逐渐增加的趋势。上、中、下游水体的总磷含量分别为 0 .0 72mg/L、0 .0 6 6mg/L和 0 .0 4 4mg/L ;浮游植物的生物量分别为9.2 8mg/L、6 .51mg/L和 3.37mg/L。夏季和秋季上游部分区域伴有大面积的“水华” ,优势种类主要为微囊藻。浮游植物水柱日生产量分别为 2 .80 gO2 /m2 .d、2 .78gO2 /m2 .d和 2 .36 gO2 /m2 .d ;浮游动物的生物量分别为 2 .52mg/L、1.2 5mg/L和 1.2 2mg/L。浮桥河水库有富营养化的趋势且上游已经富营养化。导致富营养化的原因主要是外源营养物输入量的增加、大库鲢鳙放养比例失调、上游滤食性网箱放养结构的不合理和食鱼性鱼类的过度捕捞。建议在保持现有鳙放养量的前提下增大大库鲢的放养量和网箱内鲢鱼种的放养量、减少食鱼性鱼类的捕捞量、减少外源营养物的输入以控制水库的富营养化。     

Specific Structural Features of Zooplankton in Lakes Differing in Trophic Status: Species Populations

The index of cenotic significance and other indices calculated on its basis were used for revealing specific structural features of zooplanktonic communities in lakes differing in productivity. The results showed that new indices (complexity coefficient, index of cenotic significance of dominant species, and integrated cenotic significance of the zooplankton) strongly correlate with the trophic status of the water body and are more responsive to changes in the structure of the community than the Shannon–Weaver index of species diversity. The results confirm the hypothesis that the structure of zooplankton is simplified in the course of lake eutrophication.     

Study of Cause-and-Effect Relationships in the Formation of Biocenoses: Their Use for the Control of Eutrophication

The cause-and-effect relationships existing in freshwater biogeocenoses and changing with time are conventionally divided into three groups: direct, directly mediated, and indirect. The possibility of using the indirect relationships for the control over natural systems is exemplified by a new scheme of eutrophication control and water quality improvement.     

巢湖和太湖微囊藻毒素差异性研究

采用固相萃取高效液相色谱法检测巢湖和太湖水体中5种微囊藻毒素(MCs)——MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-LR、MC-LA、MC-LY的含量。结果表明,巢湖水体中的MCs以MC-RR、MC-LA、MC-LY为主,太湖水体主要以MC-RR、MC-LR、MC-LA为主,其中太湖MC-LR的最高质量浓度为2.558μg/L,超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中对集中式生活饮用水地表水源地的限定值(1μg/L)。分析巢湖和太湖水体中MCs与水质指标之间的相关性,发现同种MCs与两湖环境因子的相关性存在明显差异。逐步回归拟合结果表明,氨氮和DO分别能与巢湖MC-LR、MC-LY进行拟合;Chl-a、TOC能与太湖MC-LR回归拟合,TOC能与太湖MC-YR进行拟合。由于多数MCs不能通过水质指标的拟合结果来预测,因此在未来研究中需结合环境因子和MCs的遗传机制来共同分析MCs在水中的分布规律。