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排序方式: 共有123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jun Murotsuki MD Shigeki Uehara Kunihiro Okamura Akira Yajima Kazuhiro Murakami 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(7):637-639
A case of type III congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung was successfully diagnosed prenatally by fetal lung biopsy. We performed this procedure at 22 weeks of gestation, using a biopsy gun system under ultrasound guidance. The pregnancy was undisturbed by the procedure but as the condition was incompatible with life, an abortion was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed at post-mortem examination. Fetal lung biopsy appears to be a useful method for prenatal diagnosis of fetal lung disorders. 相似文献
2.
3.
Noya Y Mikami Y Taneda S Mori Y Suzuki AK Ohkura K Yamaki K Yoshino S Seki K 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):318-321
GOAL, SCOPE, AND BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust is believed to consist of thousands of organic constituents and is a major cause of urban pollution. We recently reported that a systematic separation procedure involving successive solvent extractions, followed by repeated column chromatography, resulted in the isolation of vasodilatory active nitrophenols. These findings indicated that the estimation of the amount of nitrophenols in the environment is important to evaluate their effect on human health. The isolation procedure, however, involved successive solvent extractions followed by tedious, repeated chromatography, resulting in poor fractionation and in a significant loss of accuracy and reliability. Therefore, it was crucial to develop an alternative, efficient, and reliable analytical method. Here, we describe a facile and efficient acid-base extraction procedure for the analysis of nitrophenols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) were collected from the exhaust of a 4JB1-type engine (ISUZU Automobile Co., Tokyo, Japan). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed with a GCMS-QP2010 instrument (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). RESULTS: A solution of DEP in 1-butanol was extracted with aqueous NaOH to afford a nitrophenol-rich oily extract. The resulting oil was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane and subsequently subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing that 4-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and 4-nitro-3-phenylphenol were present in significantly higher concentrations than those reported previously. DISCUSSION: Simple acid-base extraction followed by the direct analysis of the resulting extract by GC-MS gave only broad peaks of nitrophenols with a poor detection limit, while the GC-MS analysis of the sample pretreated with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane gave satisfactorily clear chromatograms with sharp peaks and with a significantly lowered detection limit (0.5 ng/ml, approximately 100 times). CONCLUSION: The present method involving an acid-base extraction, in situ derivatization, and GC-MS analysis has shown to be a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the isolation and identification of the chemical substances in DEP. 相似文献
4.
Zukhra C. Kadirova Mirabbos Hojamberdiev Ken-ichi Katsumata Toshihiro Isobe Nobuhiro Matsushita Akira Nakajima Kiyoshi Okada 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4309-4319
TiO2-supported activated carbon felts (TiO2–ACFTs) were prepared by dip coating of felts composed of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with either polyester fibers (PS-A20) and/or a polyethylene pulp (PE-W15) in a TiO2 aqueous suspension followed by calcination at 250 °C for 1 h. The as-prepared TiO2–ACFTs with 29–35 wt.% TiO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption. The TiO2–ACFT(PS-A20) samples with 0 and 29 wt.% TiO2 were microporous with specific surface areas (S BET) of 996 and 738 m2/g, respectively, whereas the TiO2–ACFT(PE-W15) samples with 0 and 35 wt.% TiO2 were mesoporous with S BET of 826 and 586 m2/g, respectively. Adsorption and photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by measuring adsorption in the dark and photodegradation of gaseous acetaldehyde (AcH) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV light. The TiO2 loading caused a considerable decrease in the S BET and MB adsorption capacity along with an increase in MB photodegradation and AcH mineralization. Lemna minor was chosen as a representative aquatic plant for ecotoxicity tests measuring detoxification of water obtained from the MB photodegradation reaction with the TiO2–ACFT samples under UV light. 相似文献
5.
Bourdineaud JP Fujimura M Laclau M Sawada M Yasutake A 《Environment international》2011,37(2):303-313
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin, and human beings are mainly exposed to this pollutant through fish consumption. Only a few contradictory epidemiological studies are currently available examining the impact of fish consumption on human populations. In the present study, we wanted to address whether a diet mimicking the fish consumption of Western populations could result in observable adverse effects in mice, and whether beneficial nutriments from fish were able to counterbalance the deleterious effects of MeHg, if any. In Europe and the United States, fish consumption varies widely between countries, from 11 to 100 g fish/day. A mid-range value of 25 g fish/day corresponds to a fish contribution to the total diet of 1.25% on a dry weight basis. We decided to supplement a vegetarian-based mouse diet with 1.25% of lyophilized salmon flesh (SAL diet), or 1.25% of a blend of lyophilized cod, tuna, and swordfish (CTS diet). Total mercury contents were 1.15±0.15, 2.3±0.1 and 35.75±0.15 ng Hg/g of food pellets for the control, SAL and CTS diets, respectively. After two months feeding, the CTS diet resulted in significant observable effects as compared to the control and SAL diets, encompassing decreased body growth, altered behavioral performance and increased anxiety level, modification of mitochondrial respiratory protein subunit concentrations in kidney and brain structures, modified gene expression patterns in kidneys, liver and muscles, and a decrease of dopamine concentrations in the hypothalamus and striatum. Our findings have health implications, firstly because 1.25% of CTS flesh in the diet corresponds to an average exposure to MeHg below the WHO provisory tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) (1.6 μg MeHg/kg of body weight/week), and secondly because many people in Western populations, among them women of child-bearing age, are exceeding the PTWI value (for instance, 35% of the French population inhabiting the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts). 相似文献
6.
A relative comparison study of mutagenicity in Japanese tap water was conducted for 1993 and 2005 surveys. It intended to assess the effects of advanced water treatment installations to water works, improvement of raw water quality and improvement of residual HOCl concentration controlling. Sampling points (taps) were the same in both surveys. The results of 245 samples obtained by the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test (Ames test) were analyzed. The Ames tests were conducted by using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with and without exogenous activation (S9). With the exception of TA100-S9, the other conditions needed no discussion as a factor in the mutagenicity level change. The average mutagenicity in 1993 and 2005 under the conditions of TA100-S9 were 2600 and 1100 net revertant L−1, respectively. This indicated that the mutagenicity level of Japanese tap water decreased during the 12-yr period. Particularly a remarkable decrease in mutagenicity was observed in the water works where the advanced water treatments were installed during the 12-yr period. The advanced water treatments were effective in decreasing the mutagenicity of tap water. Mutagenicity also decreased in the water works with conventional water treatments; the improvement of residual HOCl concentration controlling was also considered to be effective in decreasing the mutagenicity of tap water. 相似文献
7.
Shinsuke Iijima Morito Nakamura Akira Yokoi Mitsuhiro Kubota Liwei Huang Hitoki Matsuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):206-212
For an effective decomposition and removal of organic halogenated compounds, a packed-bed non-thermal plasma reactor with
in situ absorption of the resulting halogenated products by alkaline sorbent incorporated was proposed. In the plasma reactor,
α-Al2O3 particles of 1 and 3 mm (mean particle diameter) were packed as solid dielectric medium to enhance the plasma power density
in the reactor. Further, alkaline sorbent of Ca(OH)2 was doped onto the surface of α-Al2O3 particles, in order to remove halogenated products by in situ absorption with Ca(OH)2. A high-voltage and high-frequency pulsed power of −15 to 15 kV and 1 kHz was applied to the wire electrode of the plasma
reactor by means of a DC power source. In the present study, as the sample of an organic halogenated compound that is most
popularly used, we selected dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and 500 ppm of the initial concentration of CH2Cl2 was fed into the reactor accompanied by air at a fixed flow rate of 500 × 10−6 m3 min−1 at room temperature. As a result, it was recognized that the amount of CH2Cl2 decomposed by non-thermal plasma in an α-Al2O3 particle bed increased with an increase in plasma input power. The ratio of decomposition of CH2Cl2 was almost 100% at 13 kV of electric power and 1 kHz frequency, and CO2, CH3Cl, COCl2, HCl, and Cl2 were observed as the major reaction products. On the other hand, when CH2Cl2 was introduced into the plasma reactor where α-Al2O3 particles doped with Ca(OH)2 were packed, the ratio of decomposition of CH2Cl2 became higher, compared to the case that α-Al2O3 particles were not doped with Ca(OH)2. Moreover, there were no halogenated by-product gases detected in the outlet gas from the reactor. As the solid reaction
products, CaClOH and Ca(ClO)2·4H2O were detected on Ca(OH)2 by X-ray diffraction. From these findings, it was recognized that CH2Cl2 was decomposed more effectively without producing unwanted harmful halogenated by-products in the proposed non-thermal plasma
reactor where α-Al2O3 particles doped with Ca(OH)2 sorbent were packed. 相似文献
8.
Matsunaga SN Chatani S Nakatsuka S Kusumoto D Kubota K Utsumi Y Enoki T Tani A Hiura T 《Chemosphere》2012,87(8):886-893
Reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to affect atmospheric chemistry. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) have a significant impact on regional air quality due to their large emission rates and high reactivities. Diterpenes (most particularly, kaur-16-ene) were detected in all of the 205 enclosure air samples collected over multiple seasons at two different sites from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa trees, the dominant coniferous trees in Japan,. The emission rate of kaur-16-ene, was determined to be from 0.01 to 7.1 μg dwg−1 h−1 (average: 0.61 μg dwg−1 h−1) employing branch enclosure measurements using adsorbent sampling followed by solid phase-liquid extraction techniques. The emission rate was comparable to that of monoterpenes, which is known major BVOC emissions, collected from the same branches. In addition, total emission of kaur-16-ene at 30 °C was estimated to exceed that of total anthropogenic VOC emissions. 相似文献
9.
Akira Sano Makoto KanomataHiroki Inoue Norio SugiuraKai-Qin Xu Yuhei Inamori 《Chemosphere》2012,89(10):1243-1247
The objective of the present study was to establish an alkali extraction technology for FePO4-containing sewage sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment system that includes phosphorous removal by iron electrolysis. By clarifying the extraction properties of phosphorous, organic matter, and inorganic matter, conditions for alkali extraction were optimized. As a result, it was suggested that unheated phosphorous extraction would be superior for FePO4-containing sewage sludge. And, extraction methods and sewage sludge properties were also compared, and the noteworthy result that extraction of metals can be suppressed to extremely low amounts with alkali extraction as compared with acid extraction was obtained. A new insight was also gained that, as compared with the use of incinerated ash reported in previous studies, alkali extraction was more efficient when raw sewage sludge was used. 相似文献
10.
High-resolution videos, scanning electron microscopy and histology were used to study the feeding mechanism of myodocopid
ostracods from the Pacific Coast of Japan, as exemplified by Vargula hilgendorfii (Müller, 1890) and a few other cypridinid species. Ostracods observed in the laboratory were attracted to a wide spectrum
of natural food sources, behaving as predators of living prey (e.g. polychaete annelids), as opportunistic scavengers on dead
animals (e.g. annelids, fishes, squid), and also consuming artificial food. Food sources may be detected by chemoreception.
The fourth limb (endopodites with strong sclerotized setae) and the furcal lamellae (claws with teeth) act in coordination
to abrade and eventually tear open the protective integument of living/dead prey such as annelids. The mandibular palps are
used mainly to hold the food. Food sections and soft-body contents are transferred to the mouth by the fourth limb (endopodial
“rake”) and fifth limb (exopodite with pectinate setae) and are passed to the oesophagus by the endites (mandibles, fourth
and fifth limbs). Food is subsequently pumped up to the stomach by peristaltic contractions of the oesophagus (ring muscles)
and stored in the stomach pouch. The upper lip of bioluminescent (V. hilgendorfii) and non-bioluminescent species of Cypridinidae often contact food, suggesting that some of the glands housed in this organ
may emit digestive enzymes prior to ingestion. Ostracods are able to ingest massive quantities of food within a few minutes
and to survive starvation for several weeks. In V. hilgendorfii, the midgut is a huge sac-like organ with no partition and is lined with a single layer of columnar epithelial cells. No
differentiated hepatopancreas is present. The cypridinid produces a single faecal pellet wrapped in a thin reticulated, peritrophic
membrane. Myodocopid ostracods exhibit a wide range of feeding strategies (detritus-feeding, comb-feeding, scavenging, predation,
ectoparasitism) in both benthic and pelagic niches, and constitute a substantial source of food for many zooplankters. Adaptation
of cypridinids to scavenging/predation is reflected in the morphology of their furcae, mandibles, fourth and fifth limbs,
and their digestive system. Palaeontological data suggest that early Triassic cypridinids and possible late Ordovician myodocopids
may have been carnivorous scavengers feeding on carcasses of cephalopods (ammonoids or orthoconic nautiloids), thus playing
the same role of “recyclers” as modern representatives of the group.
Received: 2 January 1998 / Accepted: 23 July 1998 相似文献