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1.
Microorganisms are able to synthesize three different polyamides by enzymatic processes independently from ribosomal protein biosynthesis: poly(gamma-D-glutamic acid), poly(epsilon-L-lysine) and multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) which is also referred to as cyanophycin. These polyamides, which occur mainly in Bacillus spp. (and only a few other eubacteria and the nematocysts of Cnidaria, in Streptomyces albulus or in cyanobacteria, respectively), have recently attracted considerable interest of the chemical industry and may be suitable for various applications. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the occurrence, biosynthesis, physiological functions, and biodegradation as well as on the properties and putative applications of these polyamides. Emphasis is placed on the enzymology of the polymerization and on the genes encoding the polymerizing enzymes, which have only recently become available for cyanophycin synthetases. Prospects for novel production processes. in particular for cyanophycin, are also presented. 相似文献
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Novel catalytic nano-sized materials based on LaCoO(x) perovskite nanoparticles incapsulated in the mesoporous matrix of zirconia were prepared, characterized by physicochemical methods and tested in complete methanol oxidation. LaCoO(x) nanoparticles were prepared inside the mesopores of ZrO(2) by decomposition of bimetallic La-Co glycine precursor complexes. The catalysts have been studied by diffuse-reflectance FTIR-spectroscopy using such probe molecules as CO, CD(3)CN and CDCl(3) to test low-coordinated metal ions. At low temperatures of decomposition of complexes (up to 400°C), low-coordinated Co(3+) ions predominate in the LaCoO(x) nanoparticles, whereas basically Co(2+) ions are found upon increasing the decomposition temperature to 600°C. The novel nano-sized perovskite catalysts exhibit a very high catalytic activity in the abatement of volatile organic compounds present in air, like methanol and light hydrocarbons. 相似文献
5.
Ivonne Bedei Karl-Philipp Gloning Luc Joyeux Matthias Meyer-Wittkopf Daria Willner Martin Krapp Alexander Scharf Jan Degenhardt Kai-Sven Heling Peter Kozlowski Kathrin Trautmann Kai M. Jahns Annegret Geipel Ismail Tekesin Michael Elsässer Lucas Wilhelm Ingo Gottschalk Jan-Erik Baumüller Cahit Birdir Andreas Schröer Felix Zöllner Aline Wolter Johanna Schenk Tascha Gehrke Alicia Spaeth Roland Axt-Fliedner 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):183-191
Objective
Omphalocele is known to be associated with genetic anomalies like trisomy 13, 18 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, but not with Turner syndrome (TS). Our aim was to assess the incidence of omphalocele in fetuses with TS, the phenotype of this association with other anomalies, their karyotype, and the fetal outcomes.Method
Retrospective multicenter study of fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of TS. Data were extracted from a detailed questionnaire sent to specialists in prenatal ultrasound.Results
680 fetuses with TS were included in this analysis. Incidence of small omphalocele in fetuses diagnosed ≥12 weeks was 3.1%. Including fetuses diagnosed before 12 weeks, it was 5.1%. 97.1% (34/35) of the affected fetuses had one or more associated anomalies including increased nuchal translucency (≥3 mm) and/or cystic hygroma (94.3%), hydrops/skin edema (71.1%), and cardiac anomalies (40%). The karyotype was 45,X in all fetuses. Fetal outcomes were poor with only 1 fetus born alive.Conclusion
TS with 45,X karyotype but not with X chromosome variants is associated with small omphalocele. Most of these fetuses have associated anomalies and a poor prognosis. Our data suggest an association of TS with omphalocele, which is evident from the first trimester. 相似文献6.
Alexander Golub Jos Cozijnsen Annie Petsonk 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(5):433-453
This article examines possibilities for linkage between the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and Russia, with
a view to enhancing cooperation on a broader scale than the project-based approaches that have been tested thus far. Three
paths for possible EU-Russia linkage are presented by which the Russian Assigned Amount under the Kyoto Protocol can be greened
in order to stimulate emissions trading: 1. Joint implementation—reductions earned via individual projects in Russia; 2. Greened
allowances or green investment schemes; and 3. Linked cap-and-trade systems, in which a Russian domestic emissions trading
system would link with the European Union Emissions Trading System. The authors conclude that the third option, emissions
trading through linked domestic emissions trading systems, offers the best opportunities at the lowest transaction costs.
The authors discuss useful innovative instruments like call options and slip level arrangements on government-to-government
and business-to-business levels.
相似文献
Annie PetsonkEmail: |
7.
Alexander Lerchl 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1999,86(7):340-342
The relationship between average monthly air temperature and sex ratios at birth (SRB) was analyzed for children born in
Germany during the period 1946–1995. Both the absolute temperature and – more markedly – the monthly temperature deviations
from the overall mean were significantly positively correlated with the SRB (P<0.01) when temperatures were time-lagged against the SRB data by –10 or –11 months. It is concluded that the sex of the offspring
is partially determined by environmental temperatures prior to conception.
Received: 26 August 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 18 February 1999 相似文献
8.
P. Alexander Hulley 《Marine Biology》1992,114(3):365-383
In order to determine the effects of bottom depth and water column structure on slope distributions, lanternfishes in the Cape Canyon and Cape Point Valley (eastern South Atlantic) and from the Feni Ridge and Hebridean Terrace (eastern North Atlantic) were sampled with commercial midwater nets fished 10 m above the bottom at preselected depths. Fifty-one species were taken in the eastern South Atlantic and 17 species in the eastern North Atlantic. Analyses of the samples included clustering and multi-dimensional scaling ordination of the root-root transformed densities using the Bray-Curtis similarity index. In the eastern South Atlantic (March 1988), where the horizontal and vertical temperature structuring of the water column was marked, oceanic myctophids were not taken shallower than the 300 m-depth horizon and less than one-third of the total number of species occurred inside the 500 m-depth horizon. Temperatures and bottom depths correlated with the downslope distributions of the species. Down-slope zonation was apparent. In the eastern North Atlantic (May 1983), where the temperature structure of the water column was similar at all stations, no oceanic species were taken at the 200 m-depth horizon and more than one-half of the total number of species was taken at the 300 m-depth horizon. Species distributions correlated with depth, and downslope zonation was not evident. The data sets, as well as information from the West Florida slope, suggest that both the depth and the regional temperature structure of the water column effect the upper slope distributions of oceanic myctophids. Long-slope, ribbon distribution patterns (generalized down-slope zonation) in myctophids may therefore be localized artifacts produced by the interaction of these factors. 相似文献
9.
Summary The leaf gland volatile oils of ten sweet gale plants from a Scottish population were extracted in early summer. The results differed notably from reports of other populations in respect of the sesquiterpenes, -elemenone and germacrone, which were major components of the volatile oil. Three dihydrochalcones were also detected in the volatile oil. Variation within the population existed, particularly with respect to the relative importance of germacrone. Five plants were resampled in late summer and exhibited a marked reduction in -elemenone, a lesser reduction in germacrone and changes in the proportions of some monoterpenes. 相似文献
10.
The osphradium in the genus Conus is a prominent bi-lamellate structure lying in the mantle roof near to the base of the siphon. Fine structural examination shows that the component cells are organised into a peripheral and a central region. The peripheral region consists of pigmented epidermal cells forming prominent ridges between which are grooves, at the sides of which lie the sensory cells, protected in clefts. The central region is clearly differentiated from the peripheral by a prominent basement membrane. This region contains smooth muscle, paired nerve trunks and a discrete area of cells containing numerous, dense, cored vesicles. 相似文献