GB/T18664-2002《呼吸防护用品的选择、使用与维护》系列讲座第二讲了解呼吸防护用品的分类和防护功能

有关呼吸防护用品的知识非常重要,它不仅使我们了解每类产品的功能和特点,更重要的是了解其局限性,因为没有一种防护用品是万能的,所以这些知识可帮助我们做出尽可能安全的选择。呼吸防护用品主要分过滤式和隔绝式两类(表1)。     

GB/T18664-2002《呼吸防护用品的选择、使用与维护》系列讲座

IDLH环境是呼吸防护用品应用风险最高的环境,理应严格限制适用的种类,安全可靠性、可接受的风险和可行性是需考虑的主要因素。绝对安全可靠的产品并不     

差示光谱技术在定量呼吸性粉尘中石英上的应用

应用傅立叶变换红外光谱的差示光谱技术，对含有矿物干扰物的样品中石英含量进行了测试研究，该方法能简单快捷地消除样品中未知矿物干扰，准确测定石英含量，具有良好的应用前景。     

Contribution of canopy leaching to sulphate deposition in a Scots pine forest

Radioactive sulphate (35SO4) was applied to the soil below a Scots pine forest on 23 June 1989, and its movement into the canopy and into throughfall and stemflow was measured over 4 months. The specific activity, Bq (mg S)(-1), of the canopy increased monotonically; uptake by current-year (1989) expanding needles was initially twice as fast as by older needles or live twigs. By 10 October the canopy average specific activity was 62 Bq (mg S)(-1). The specific activity of net throughfall (throughfall + stemflow - rain), deduced from measurements from six throughfall collectors, six stemflow collectors and two rain collectors, fell rapidly from 12.6 Bq (mg S)(-1) in late July to <1 Bq (mg S)(-1) in mid-August. The results suggest (assuming rapid equilibration of 35S with sulphate in soil) that root-derived sulphate contributed c. 3% of sulphate in net throughfall and that dry deposition of SO2 and sulphate particles contributed c. 97% of the 0.56 g S m(-2) measured in net throughfall over the period. Simultaneous measurements of SO2 at canopy height and of NH3 above and within the canopy gave mean concentrations of 5.9 and 0.86 microg m(-3), respectively, sufficient to account for the sulphate measured in net throughfall only if codeposition of NH3 and SO2 occurred to canopy surfaces. The large values of specific activity observed in July, however, indicate that throughfall composition may be closely related to recent soil input of sulphate, and that equilibrium cannot be safely assumed. The possibility of a significant contribution of soil-derived sulphate to sulphate deposition in net throughfall cannot be ruled out on the basis of this experiment.     

Higher Plants As Bioindicators Of Sulphur Dioxide Emissions In Urban Environments

The evaluation of certain vascular plants that grow in the city of Madrid as biomonitors of SO₂ air pollution in urban environments has been carried out. Total concentration of sulphur in leaves of the chosen higher plants as well as other parameters in close relation to this contaminant (visible injury symptoms, chlorophyll a- and b-content and peroxidase activity) have been determined in order to study the spatial distribution and temporal changes in SO₂ deposition. Results obtained show that coniferous species such as Pinus pinea, were more sensitive to SO₂ atmospheric concentration than leafy species as Quercux ilex subspecies ballota and, in the same way, bush species, such asPyracantha coccinea and Nerium oleander, were more sensitive than wooded species, such as Cedrus deodaraandPinus pinea, respectively. There is a higher accumulation of sulphur in vegetable species located near highways and dense traffic incidence roads and near areas with high density of population. The minimum values for accumulation of SO₂ were registered in winter and spring seasons (from January to April) due to the vegetative stop; while maximum values are obtained during the summer season (from June to September), due to the stoma opening. The highest increments in sulphur concentration, calculated as the difference between two consecutive months, are obtained in May and June for all considered species except forCedrus deodara and Pyracantha coccinea, both species have few seasonal changes during the whole year. Some species are more sensitive to natural washing than others, showing a decrease in sulphur concentration after rainfall periods.     

国外个体防护装备监督管理制度简介

随着《中华人民共和国行政许可法》的施行，我国对个体防护装备(PPE)的监管体制将发生变化，现推荐《国外个体防护装备监督管理制度简介》供参阅。文中介绍了欧共体和美国对PPE监管的一些做法，供政府主管部门、相关单位和业内人士参考。     

美国FDA对误导消费的口罩宣传发出警告

近日,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)在其官方网站2009甲型HlN1流感主页上发布了一则通报,警示消费者要警惕某些借甲型H1N1流感爆发.通过网络错误宣传某些产品具有诊断、治疗或预防甲型H1N1流感的功能,误导消费的行为[1].通报中,FDA把涉嫌具有这些不法行为的产品及其宣传网站进行了公示,警告这些网站非法向消费者宣传未经FDA批准或认可的产品.FDA已向这些网站发出警告信,要求其纠正错误行为.     

NI0SH CBRN呼吸器标准要览

CBRN是化学、生物、放射性、核武器的简称,现已成为应急响应作业中的一个通用术语. 美国从2000年开始着手研制满足应急反应作业人员的新呼吸器标准,在全球具有领先的指导性意义.符合新标准的产品不断问世,也为呼吸防护装备的更广泛应用提供了可能.     

Analysis of the nitrifying bacterial community in BioCube sponge media using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and microelectrodes

There is growing interest in the development of more cost-effective and retrofit technologies for the upgrade and expansion of existing wastewater treatment plants with extreme space constraints. A free-floating sponge media (BioCube) process, using a 24L lab scale reactor, was operated to study the nitrification profiles and microbial community. The COD removal efficiencies were maintained, at an average of 95%, with the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) inside the BioCube sponge media maintained at 12,688mg/L. The nitrification removal efficiencies were between 92% and 100%, with an average value of 99%. From the results of microelectrode measurements, the ammonium ion concentration was found to rapidly decrease from the surface of the BioCube sponge media to a depth of 2mm due to chemical reactions carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species. Multi-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to investigate the spatial distributions of various microbial activities within reactors. Microbial communities were targeted using different oligonucleotide probes specific to AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). There were a large number of AOB populations, but these were not uniformly distributed in the biofilm compared to the NOB populations.