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1.
Mousavizadeh Seyyed Javad Gil Juan Moreno Roberto Mashayekhi Kambiz 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(4):5582-5593
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Asparagus basic chromosome number is 2n?=?2x?=?20. The high rate of polyploidy in wild asparagus has been found in natural... 相似文献
2.
This paper explores the distributional consequences of alternative emissions trading schemes. It is argued that the distributional
impact stems from the difference between two social welfare functions: the function which is implicitly maximised in a competitive
market equilibrium and the function which is implicitly adopted when a given equity principle is chosen. An integrated assessment
model is used to illustrate these findings, by simulating the introduction of various emissions trading schemes for the Kyoto
protocol on the reduction of greenhouse emissions. It is shown that (1) changes produced on an equity index by the imposition
of emission constraints (by country) may not be significantly higher than those obtained by the subsequent introduction of
a market mechanism, and that (2) the various market regimes which could be adopted have quite different distributional implications.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Llansó RJ Dauer DM Vølstad JH Scott LC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):163-174
The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI provides Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs with a uniform tool with which to characterize bay-wide benthic community condition and assess the health of the Bay. A probability-based design permits unbiased annual estimates of areal degradation within the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries with quantifiable precision. However, of greatest interest to managers is the identification of problem areas most in need of restoration. Here we apply the B-IBI to benthic data collected in the Bay since 1994 to assess benthic community degradation by Chesapeake Bay Program segment and water depth. We used a new B-IBI classification system that improves the reliability of the estimates of degradation. Estimates were produced for 67 Chesapeake Bay Program segments. Greatest degradation was found in areas that are known to experience hypoxia or show toxic contamination, such as the mesohaline portion of the Potomac River, the Patapsco River, and the Maryland mainstem. Logistic regression models revealed increased probability of degraded benthos with depth for the lower Potomac River, Patapsco River, Nanticoke River, lower York River, and the Maryland mainstem. Our assessment of degradation by segment and water depth provided greater resolution of relative condition than previously available, and helped define the extent of degradation in Chesapeake Bay. 相似文献
4.
Evaluation of Water Quality in the Chillán River (Central Chile) Using Physicochemical Parameters and a Modified Water Quality Index 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Debels P Figueroa R Urrutia R Barra R Niell X 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,110(1-3):301-322
The Chillán River in Central Chile plays a fundamental role in local society, as a source of irrigation and drinking water,
and as a sink for urban wastewater. In order to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of surface water quality
in the watershed, a Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from nine physicochemical parameters, periodically measured at
18 sampling sites (January–November 2000). The results indicated a good water quality in the upper and middle parts of the
watershed. Downstream of the City of Chillán, water quality conditions were critical during the dry season, mainly due to
the effects of the urban wastewater discharge. On the basis of the results from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), modifications
were introduced into the original WQI to reduce the costs associated with its implementation. WQIDIR2 and WQIDIR, which are both based on a laboratory analysis (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and three (pH, temperature and conductivity), respectively,
four field measurements (pH, temperature, conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen), adequately reproduce the most important spatial
and temporal variations observed with the original index. They are proposed as useful tools for monitoring global water quality
trends in this and other, similar agricultural watersheds in the Chilean Central Valley. Possibilities and limitations for
the application of the used methodology to watersheds in other parts of the world are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Finnamore A Alonso A Santisteban J Cordova S Valencia G de la Cruz A Polo R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,76(1):43-53
By applying principles of adaptive management, and by using the valuable information that arthropods provide from assessment and monitoring programs, managers can identify and reduce possible impacts on biodiversity in development projects. In 1996, the Smithsonian Institution's Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity program worked together with Shell Prospecting and Development Peru to establish an adaptive management program to protect biodiversity in a natural gas exploration project in a Peruvian rainforest. In this paper, we outlined the conceptual steps involved in establishing an assessment and monitoring program for arthropods, including setting objectives, evaluating the results and making decisions. We also present the results of the assessment using some of groups of arthropods, and summarize the steps taken to identify appropriate groups for monitoring. 相似文献
6.
Stefanutti R Packer AP Filho BC Mattiazzo ME de Figueiredo RF 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(6):967-971
Accumulation of Co, Cu, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn was evaluated in a soil profile of an overland flow system used for the post-treatment of urban wastewater. A pilot version of the overland flow system received urban wastewater from five up-flow anaerobic filters filled with bamboo (Bambusa tuldoides) rings. The anaerobic effluent was applied as feed over 18 months at rates varying from 7 to 28 L min(-1), to a vegetated slope length covered with Tifton 85 (Cynodon) sp. grass. Soil and plant samples were collected in triplicate from the top to the bottom of the slope. In addition, the soils were sampled at the depths 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The metal concentrations found in the overall system were compared to those obtained in a control area located at the beginning of the slope onto which nothing was applied. A month of monitoring the urban wastewater of Limeira City (S?o Paulo State, Brazil) showed a drastic change in metals concentration due to the irregular discharge of industrial waste. This irregular discharge introduces Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn into the system used to treat domestic wastewater. The mass balance indicates the accumulation of metals in the soil and the translocation to the plants; also that they could be evapotranspirated, percolated and discharged. 相似文献
7.
José Roberto Ferreira 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(1):47-51
引言 莫日-瓜苏河位于纳斯吉拉斯州,海拔高1450m.流淌470km后,该河流注入圣保罗州的帕尔杜河.其流域总面积为1400km2,其中有86%位于圣保罗州,包括一个工业化地区[1]. 相似文献
8.
Rosa Cartolano Silvana Guerneri Roberto Fogliani Andrea Galimberti Umberto Nicolini 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(11):1057-1059
Trisomy 12 mosaicism diagnosed at 16 weeks' amniocentesis in a 42-year-old woman was not confirmed at 18 weeks' gestational age in amniotic fluid or fetal blood. Fetal skin biopsy performed at the same time did, however, allow the detection of trisomy 12 in 1 of 14 fibroblasts analysed. Fetal skin biopsy can be included within the diagnostic procedures to be performed when a level III mosaicism is found in the amniotic fluid. 相似文献
9.
The East Usambara Mountains, recognized as one of the 25 most important biodiversity hot spots in the world, have a high degree
of species diversity and endemism that is threatened by increasing human pressure on resources. Traditional slash and burn
cultivation in the area is no longer sustainable. However, it is possible to maintain land productivity, decrease land degradation,
and improve rural people’s livelihood by ameliorating cultivation methods. Improved agroforestry seems to be a very convincing
and suitable method for buffer zones of conservation areas. Farmers could receive a reasonable net income from their farm
with little investment in terms of time, capital, and labor. By increasing the diversity and production of already existing
cultivations, the pressure on natural forests can be diminished. The present study shows a significant gap between traditional
cultivation methods and improved agroforestry systems in socio-economic terms. Improved agroforestry systems provide approximately
double income per capita in comparison to traditional methods. More intensified cash crop cultivation in the highlands of
the East Usambara also results in double income compared to that in the lowlands. However, people are sensitive to risks of
changing farming practices. Encouraging farmers to apply better land management and practice sustainable cultivation of cash
crops in combination with multipurpose trees would be relevant in improving their economic situation in the relatively short
term. The markets of most cash crops are already available. Improved agroforestry methods could ameliorate the living conditions
of the local population and protect the natural reserves from human disturbance. 相似文献
10.
Anaerobic PAH degradation in soil by a mixed bacterial consortium under denitrifying conditions 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the main classes of contaminants in the terrestrial environment. Concentrations of biphenyl, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene were added to soil samples in order to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential of PAHs under denitrifying conditions. A mixed population of microorganisms obtained from a paddy soil was incubated for 20 days in anaerobic conditions in the presence of soil alone or with nitrate, adding, as electron donors, PAHs and, in some samples, glucose or acetate. At regular time intervals oxidation-reduction potential, PAHs concentration, microbial ATP and nitrate concentration into the solution were measured. Degradation trends for each hydrocarbon are similar under all conditions, indicating that the molecular conformation prevails over other parameters in controlling the degradation. Poor degradation results were obtained when PAHs were the only organic matter available for the inoculum, thus confirming the recalcitrance to degradation of these compounds. Biodegradation was influenced by the addition of other carbon sources. As better degradation results were generally obtained when acetate or glucose were added, the hypothesis of a co-metabolic enhancement of PAH biodegradation seems likely. Thus, anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs studied, biphenyl, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene, seems to be possible both through fermentative and respiratory metabolism, provided that low molecular weight co-metabolites and suitable electron acceptors (nitrate) are present. 相似文献