重点企业第三方环境管理核查模式初探及成效分析研究——以天津某区域为例

环境保护既处于大有作为的重要战略机遇期,又处于负重前行的关键期,新形势下群众对环保的期待不断提高,环境形势愈发严峻,环境监管压力加大,分析了新形势下开展环境管理第三方核查的必要性,介绍了政府购买服务及企业自主委托等两种现阶段可行的核查方式。总结归纳了第三方环境管理核查的重点内容,并以天津某典型区域为例,介绍了第三方环保核查的成效,分析了企业存在的典型突出环保问题及整改措施,并从区域环境保护管理的角度提出了建议。     

Measurement of atmospheric concentrations of common household pesticides: A pilot study

Air concentrations of 28 of the most commonly used household pesticides were measured inside nine homes in Jacksonville, Florida, and compared with corresponding outdoor levels. The households selected were sorted into three categories according to the degree of pesticide indoor usage. Personal air monitoring was also performed on one resident of each household by means of a portable sampler, which was kept with the person at all times. Five of the pesticides were found in the air inside of the majority of the homes at concentrations as high as 15 gm^–3 (average concentrations, 12 ngm^–3 to 2.4 gm^–3). Indoor levels were generally one to two ordrrs of magnitude higher than surrounding outdoor air levels and personal air measurements were within ± 50% of corresponding indoor values. All samples were collected over 24-hr periods on polyurethane foam and analyzed by capillary colum gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and/or electron capture detection.     

东南大陆岩石圈板块地体构造

东南大陆的地质构造模型,具有欧亚大陆边缘向洋增生的独特形式。除外来地体之外,或以扩张、地幔上涌,洋壳向大陆地壳转化,并不断向洋增生;或是大陆分裂,地幔柱——热点物质不断注入变薄和破裂了的地壳,形成区域性新的生长构造层,构造岩浆地质体表现为有独特属性的“A型”花岗岩和流纹岩链。这些高DI值的富硅富碱富钠质岩石,出现在欧亚大陆边缘的重力梯度带上。裂解带的地壳结构模式是上地壳存在着重力不稳定的硅铝低速带;中地壳有洋——陆过渡型地壳的“类裂谷型”结构,P波速度为6.3～6.4km/s的中间壳层;在下地壳下部有速度为7.0～7.4km/s的壳——幔混合型高速层;随着“异常”的上地幔的形成,有大范围的热活动和壳——幔边界穹窿,穹窿的地盖比正常区为为薄。由于化学库和化学边界层的横向不连续,可划分出古老基底和后期地质发展史完全迥异的两个亚板块;和以壳层(或幔层)断裂为边界特点的八个地体;一个以分裂为主,并具热点径迹的最新生长构造层的扩张——裂解构造岩浆地体。     

欧洲国家战略环境评价研究趋势

阐述了欧洲国家的SEA系统,实施领域,规定、导则和立法以及培训等.分析了欧洲国家研究与实施SEA的经验、挑战和障碍(1)方法、技术和程序;(2)规定、导则和立法;(3)体制、政治支持性与公众参与;(4)信息来源与研究资金;(5)检查监督和质量保证.指出了注重教育培训、建立宣传网络,加强SEA研究,重视信息数据库开发,拓宽SEA试点研究领域4个发展趋势.     

Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels and prenatal diagnosis of autosomal trisomies

Pregnancies with fetal trisomy 21 have been associated with low amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFAFP). This observation led to the suggestion that low AFAFP levels be used as a criterion for completion of a chromosomal analysis in patients who are not otherwise at increased risk for a fetal chromosome abnormality and in whom karyotyping might not have been completed for economic reasons. In order to assess the usefulness of such criteria, we reviewed the AFAFP levels of 90 cases of fetal trisomy 21, 23 cases of trisomy 18, and 10 cases of trisomy 13. These were compared with 2400 control samples with normal chromosome constitution. AFAFP levels were generally lower in pregnancies with trisomy 21, showing a median value of 0·72 MoM. However, 40 per cent of the trisomy 21 samples had AFAFP values greater than 0·8 MoM and 20 per cent were over 1·0 MoM. These data imply that over 50 per cent of Down syndrome cases might have been missed using a cut-off level of 0·70 MoM for completion of chromosome analysis. Using a higher cut-off level will leave only a small percentage of samples unkaryotyped. The distribution of AFP levels in trisomy 13 and 18 is no different from controls; we therefore believe that fetal karyotyping should be completed in every amniotic fluid sample obtained.     

溢油指示物(指标)HPLC-UVD研究

建立了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式，给出了溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性的择近原则，指出溢油指示物（ 指标）ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ相似性主要受控于油种、风化和实验误差等因素的影响。结果表明，ＨＰＬＣ—ＵＶＤ 相似性模式可作为溢油指示物（ 指标） 。     

Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the bimetallic hydroxide nanocomposites embedded in pomegranate peel

This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl^?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of ${{\text{SO}}_4}^{2?}$, ${{\text{NO}}_3}^{?}$ and humic acid (HA).     

海水水质评价的倍斜率隶属函数聚类法

建立了宽域式倍斜率聚类的海水水质评价模式，其函数的右侧斜度为左侧斜率的２倍，勿求权重，直接聚类，海水水质评价实例说明，本文模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法和更为合理，实用。     

草甸棕壤中镉、铅、油含量对微生物类群和生化活性的影响

本研究以重金属化合物(CdCl_2、PbCl_2)和矿物油作为土壤的污染物,分析土壤中镉、铅、油的含量对土壤微生物类群与生化活性的影响。结果表明,镉、铅、油对水旱田中的细菌抑制作用比较明显,对放线菌、真菌抑制作用较差。小剂量的镉、铅、油对固氮菌有刺激作用,大剂量则有抑制作用。对尿酶和硝化细菌的代谢有明显抑制作用,对其它酶类不明显。 从含重金属的平板培养基上反映出土壤对重金属的掩蔽作用。污染物对微生物的生化活性的临界毒害浓度分别为:镉 5—60ppm;铅 300—500ppm;油 500—5000ppm。