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1.
Tasneem Gul Kazi Sadaf Sadia Arain Hassan Imran Afridi Naeemullah Kapil Dev Brahman Nida Fatima Kolachi Moina Akhtar Mughal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):5199-5208
The extent to which smokeless tobacco endangers human health is an ongoing subject of debate. In this study, concentrations of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), were measured in different snuff products (dry brown and black and moist green and brown), available and consumed in Pakistan. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were determined in 23 samples of various brands of snuff by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The reliability of methodology was assured by analyzing certified reference material. The resulted data of toxic metals in different snuff products are comparable to the existing information with limited exceptions. It was estimated that 10 g intake of different types of snuff could contribute 14–68, 17–47, and 20–73 % of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for Cd, Ni, and Pb, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Taslim Akhtar Muhammad Ilyas Tariq Nargis Sultana Chan Kim Wei 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(6):569-574
Biodiesel is now-a-days recognized as a real potential alternative to petroleum-derived diesel fuel due to its number of desirable characteristics. However, its higher production cost resulting mainly due to use of costly food-grade vegetable oils as raw materials is the major barrier to its economic viability. Present work is an attempt to explore the potential of Eriobotrya japonica seed oil for the synthesis of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Optimization of production parameters, namely molar ratio of alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature, was carried out using Taguchi method. Fatty acid composition of both oil and biodiesel was determined using GC and H1 NMR. Alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 1% wt/wt, 2 h reaction time and 50 °C reaction temperature were found to be the optimum conditions for obtaining 94.52% biodiesel. Highest % contribution was shown by the ‘amount of catalyst’ (67.32%) followed by molar ratio of alcohol to oil (25.51%). Major fuel properties of E. japonica methyl esters produced under optimum conditions were found within the specified limits of ASTM D6751 for biodiesel, hence it may be considered a prospective substitute of petro-diesel. 相似文献
3.
Pankaj Shakil NA Kumar J Singh MK Singh K 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):520-528
In the present investigation, the bioefficacy of developed carbofuran formulations, with PEG-600 (7a, CP1) & PEG-900 (7b, CP2) @ 5, 10 and 20 ppm, along with commercial formulation of carbofuran 3G (CP0) were evaluated against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato (cv. Pusa Ruby) in pot and field conditions. The bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having PEG - 900 (7b) as hydrophilic segment were effective even at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) as evident from shoot and root length. Also, the reduction in penetration was found to be maximum with CP2 (3.6 - 4.6 J2s) at all concentrations compared to CP1 (6.6-16.4 J2s) and CP0 (29.3-32.6 J2s). Overall, CP2 was more effective in reducing the number of nematodes up to 14 days, compared to CP1 and CP0. Both the CR formulations (CP1 and CP2) in general significantly reduced the number of galls, when compared to CP0. However, under field conditions, lower concentrations (5, and 10 ppm) of CP2, were less effective in controlling the gall formation whereas, CP2 at 20 ppm, was most effective than other treatments. The study revealed that the developed CR formulations of carbofuran have the potential for effective management of M. incognita in tomato under field conditions. 相似文献
4.
Nahid Akhtar Hidetoshi Inada Taisuke Kondo 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1763-1767
To clarify the effects of O3 on crop plants cultivated in Bangladesh, two Bangladeshi wheat cultivars (Sufi and Bijoy) were grown in plastic boxes filled with Andisol and exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 60 and 100 nl l−1 (10:00-17:00) from 13 March to 4 June 2008. The whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the two cultivars at the final harvest were significantly reduced by the exposure to O3. Although there was no significant effect of O3 on stomatal diffusive conductance to H2O of flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate of the leaf was significantly reduced by the exposure to O3. The sensitivity of growth, yield, yield components and leaf gas exchange rates to O3 was not significantly different between the two cultivars. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ambient levels of O3 may detrimentally affect wheat production in Bangladesh. 相似文献
5.
Akhtar MH 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(5-6):835-844
Incurred and fortified salinomycin residues were extracted from chicken tissues and eggs by homogenization, vortexing and by microwave assisted extraction. The salinomycin residues were quantitated by liquid chromatography following postcolumn derivatization with either vanillin or 4-dimcthylamino-benzaldehyde and detected at 520 or 592 nm, respectively. Comparison of residue data indicated that microwave assisted extraction performed as well as the vortexing technique in extracting salinomycin residues in the tissues of laying chickens that were fed meal containing drugs at various level. In the present study, extracts from homogenizing could not be analyzed directly without clean up. Therefore, microwave assisted extraction appears to be a reliable, reproducible, and economical substitute for routinely used homogenization and vortexing extraction techniques. 相似文献
6.
AHP based life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework: a case study of six storey wood frame and concrete frame buildings in Vancouver 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Navid Hossaini Bahareh Reza Sharmin Akhtar Kasun Hewage 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(7):1217-1241
Construction and building industry is in dire need for developing sustainability assessment frameworks that can evaluate and integrate related environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This paper discusses an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based sustainability evaluation framework for mid-rise residential buildings based on a broad range of environmental and socioeconomic criteria. A cradle to grave life cycle assessment technique was applied to identify, classify, and assess triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability performance indicators of buildings. Then, the AHP was applied to aggregate the impacts into a unified sustainability index. The framework is demonstrated through a case study to investigate two six storey structural systems (i.e. concrete and wood) in Vancouver, Canada. The results of this paper show that the environmental performance of a building in Canada, even in regions with milder weather such as Vancouver, is highly dependent on service life energy, rather than structural materials. 相似文献
7.
M. Humayoun Akhtar Louise G Croteau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):117-133
Abstract A rapid, accurate, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective microwave extraction technique was developed for the extraction of spiked and incurred salmomycin from chicken tissues (kidney, liver, muscle, ovarian yolk and fat). Extraction of salinomycin from various tissues was achieved by irradiating the sample in absolute ethanol and 2‐propanol (15+2) for 9 sec. in a common household microwave oven. The extract was analysed without further cleanup by HPLC on a C18 column (5 μm) and detected at 592 nm via post‐column reaction with 4‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMABA) in a heated reactor coil at 86° C. Recoveries of salinomycin from spiked tissues at 30 ng/g level ranged between 87 and 100%. The limit of quantitation was found to be 10 ng/g. The developed method was applied for the analysis of incurred tissues and ovarian yolk of laying chickens given sodium salinomycin in feed at different levels for 14 consecutive days followed by withdrawal periods. Residues were detected in all tissues and ovarian yolk at 0 withdrawal time but declined during the withdrawal period. Highest residue were found in fat and ovarian yolk. 相似文献
8.
Rahman Md. Mominur Islam Md. Rezaul Shohag Sheikh Hossain Md. Emon Shah Muddaser shuvo Shakil khan Khan Hosneara Chowdhury Md. Arifur Rahman Bulbul Israt Jahan Hossain Md. Sarowar Sultana Sharifa Ahmed Muniruddin Akhtar Muhammad Furqan Saleem Ammara Rahman Md. Habibur 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46551-46551
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
9.
Mohammad Aslam Khan S. Akhtar Ali Shah 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(5):493-509
There is evidence of continued food insecurity and malnutrition in Pakistan despite significant progress made in terms of
food production in recent years. According to “Vision 2030” of the Planning Commission of Pakistan, about half of the population
in the country suffers from absolute to moderate malnutrition, with the most vulnerable being children, women, and elderly
among the lowest income group. The Government of Pakistan has been taking a series of policy initiatives and strategic measures
to combat food insecurity issues. These range from increasing production to food imports, implementation of poverty reduction
strategies, nutritional improvement programs, as well as provision of social safety nets. The article aims to instill some
fresh thinking into the debate regarding the challenges of food security. It underscores the limitations of hitherto policy
response, and suggests crucial measures to improve the present grim scenario. Policy makers, planners, practitioners, and
academicians in countries with comparable socio-political and economic setup can view this discussion as a case study and
may apply the findings in their domain accordingly. 相似文献
10.
Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mehrunisa Memon Mohammed Saleh Soomro Mohammad Saleem Akhtar Kazi Suleman Memon 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):39-50
The southern Sindh province of Pakistan adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where drinking water quality is deteriorating due to dumping of industrial and urban waste and use of agrochemicals and yet has limited fresh water resources. The study assessed the drinking water quality of canal, shallow pumps, dug wells, and water supply schemes from the administrative districts of Thatta, Badin, and Thar by measuring physical, chemical, and biological (total coliform) quality parameters. All four water bodies (dug wells, shallow pumps canal water, and water supply schemes) exceeded WHO MPL for turbidity (24%, 28%, 96%, 69%), coliform (96%, 77%, 92%, 81%), and electrical conductivity (100%, 99%, 44%, 63%), respectively. However, the turbidity was lower in underground water, i.e., 24% and 28% in dug wells and shallow pumps as compared to open water, i.e., 96% and 69% in canal and water supply schemes, respectively. In dug wells and shallow pumps, limits for TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and sodium exceeded, respectively, by 63% and 33%; 59% and 70%, 40% and 27%, and 78% and 26%. Sodium was major problem in dug wells and shallow pumps of district Thar and considerable percent in shallow pumps of Badin. Iron was major problem in all water bodies of district Badin ranging from 50% to 69% and to some extent in open waters of Thatta. Other parameters as pH, copper, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus were within standard permissible limits of World Health Organization. Some common diseases found in the study area were gastroenteritis, diarrhea and vomiting, kidney, and skin problems. 相似文献