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磺胺类兽药对土壤微生物数量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用室内培养的方法,研究磺胺类兽药(磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑)污染对土壤微生物数量(细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌、兼气性固氮菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌)的影响.结果表明,磺胺类兽药对土壤细菌数量有一定的激活作用,其最大激活率在700%以上.兽药对土壤真菌数量的影响主要呈现抑制作用,其最高抑制率为92.9%.兽药对土壤放线菌数量有一定的抑制作用,对土壤固氮菌数量则有一定的激活作用.兽药对土壤兼气性固氮菌数量的影响表现为较低浓度时(10 mg.kg-1)抑制,而较高浓度时(50 mg.kg-1)则激活.兽药对土壤硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌有一定的激活作用,其中对硝化细菌的最大激活率可达1000%以上. 相似文献
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我国现行环境空气中甲醛的标准测定方法普遍难以满足当前大气监测中对痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需要。在乙酰丙酮分光光度法的基础上改进得到的乙酰丙酮荧光法具有更低的检出限和更高的灵敏度,适用于大气中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测。基于乙酰丙酮荧光法设计了甲醛在线监测系统,并对其主要性能指标进行了评估测试。测试结果显示,该系统的吸收效率为98.9%~100.1%,检出限为0.045 4×10-9,精密度为0.44%,线性误差为-0.55%,线性范围为0.0~80.0×10-9,响应时间为282 s,单日零点漂移为-0.04×10-9~1.33×10-9,单日跨度漂移为-0.90×10-9~3.45×10-9。测试结果表明,其各项性能指标均能满足当前对大气环境中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需求。 相似文献
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新型污泥喷雾干化-回转窑焚烧工艺是将脱水污泥通过雾化喷嘴形成滴雾后与高温烟气并流接触达到干化后再进行焚烧的集成技术.干化过程中湿污泥中有机物的挥发及该新型工艺的运行工况和污染物减排效果成为污泥处理处置领域关注的焦点.在对污泥喷雾干化焚烧工艺原理分析基础之上,对我国600 t/d新型污泥喷雾干化焚烧示范项目进行封闭式现场取样监测,通过成分分析、毒性监测等重点对污染物去除效果进行了研究,结果表明,该工艺通过自动控制可将出口烟气温度和干化污泥温度保持较稳定的状态,分别为(96±10)℃和(72±8)℃;喷雾干化塔内不存在粉尘爆炸危险,TVOC<0.025 mg/m3;直接干化热利用率>80%,优于间接干化;烟气排放口各指标均满足《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2001)的要求. 相似文献
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磺胺类兽药对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用室内培养的方法,研究磺胺类兽药(磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲唑)污染对土壤蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,磺胺类兽药可显著抑制土壤蔗糖酶的活性,其抑制率可达50%以上。兽药对土壤硝酸还原酶活性的影响表现为先抑制后激活的趋势,最大抑制率和激活率可达98.6%、580%。兽药对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响主要以激活作用为主,对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响则呈现"激活-抑制"的循环趋势。兽药对土壤脲酶活性的影响表现为,培养前期低浓度时激活,高浓度时抑制;培养后期低、高浓度时均抑制。兽药对土壤多酚氧化酶活性的影响表现为,培养前期激活,培养后期抑制。 相似文献
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Lee Changmin Zhao Xin Kim Jae Young 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(3):971-979
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Septage, which is made up of liquid and solid materials pumped from septic tanks, can be a potential co-digestion resource for sewage sludge. This... 相似文献
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A Cooperative Approach to Reduce Water Pollution Abatement Cost in an Interjurisdictional Lake Basin
Laijun Zhao Wei Huang H. Oliver Gao Jian Xue Changmin Li Yue Hu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(3):777-790
A cooperative approach via transfer fee was developed to improve the cost‐effectiveness of water pollution control in interjurisdictional lake basin management in China. Different from the existing literature that studies water quality trading and pollution reduction at micro levels (i.e., focusing on enterprises and firms), this article explores cooperative pollution reduction strategies from a macro level, targeting multiple jurisdictional regions. The merits of this new approach include: (1) improving the cost‐effectiveness of pollution reduction by making use of the cost differentiation in pollution reduction between industries and municipal sewage plants, and between different administrative areas; (2) managing payments for ecosystem services by horizontal transfer payment; and (3) incorporating the concepts of game, cooperation, coordination, and watershed‐based management in implementation. For empirical demonstration, a bilevel optimization model was built and calibrated using the 2005 data of the Lake Tai basin to work out the optimal solutions for cooperative chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. Results show that policies based on this new approach can significantly reduce the overall COD abatement costs for the basin as well as the individual jurisdictional regions compared to the current practice. 相似文献
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