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Edi Husen Selly Salma Fahmuddin Agus 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(6):821-829
Peat respiration that releases carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere contributes to regional and global change. Aeration associated with soil water content levels controls emission rates, but soil amendments might mitigate respiration. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of various water content levels and laterite application on microbial (heterotrophic) respiration in peat soil. Bulk samples of surface (0–20 cm depth) and subsurface (30–50 cm depth) layers were collected from an oil palm plantation in Riau Province, Indonesia. Peat water content was adjusted to 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 % water filled pore space (WFPS). Laterite soil (clay containing high Al and Fe oxides) was applied to 3, 6, and 12 mg g?1 dry weight (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 Mg ha?1) peat samples at 60 % and 100 % WFPS. Results showed peat respiration was notably affected by water content, but less affected by laterite application. Peat respiration increased sharply from wet (≥80 % WFPS) to moist soil (60 to 40 % WFPS), and decreased when soil dried (≤40 % WFPS). Laterite as a peat ameliorant accelerated rather than reduced peat respiration, and is therefore not a viable choice for CO2 emissions reduction. 相似文献
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Giansoldati V Tassi E Morelli E Gabellieri E Pedron F Barbafieri M 《Chemosphere》2012,87(10):1119-1125
In this study we evaluated the effect of different fertilizer treatments on Brassica plants grown on boron-contaminated sediments. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and on the lysimeter scale. At laboratory scale (microcosm), five different fertilizers were tested for a 35-d period. On the lysimeter scale, nitrogen fertilization was tested at three different doses and plants were allowed to grow until the end of the vegetative phase (70 d). Results showed that nitrogen application had effectively increased plant biomass production, while B uptake was not affected. Total B phytoextracted increased three-fold when the highest nitrogen dose was applied. Phytotoxicity on Brassica was evaluated by biochemical parameters. In plants grown in unfertilized B-contaminated sediments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and pyrogallol peroxidase (PPX) increased, whereas catalase (CAT) decreased with respect to control plants. Addition of N progressively mitigated the alteration of enzymatic activity, thus suggesting that N can aid in alleviating B-induced oxidative stress. SOD activity was restored to control levels just at the lowest N treatment, whereas the CAT inhibition was partially restored only at the highest one. N application also lowered the B-induced increase in APX and PPX activities. Increased glutathione reductase activity indicated the need to restore the oxidative balance of glutathione. Data also suggest a role of glutathione and phytochelatins in B defense mechanisms. Results suggest that the nitrogen fertilizer was effective in improving B phytoextraction by increasing Brassica biomass and by alleviating B-induced oxidative stress. 相似文献
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Medilanski E Chuan L Mosler HJ Schertenleib R Larsen TA 《Environmental management》2007,39(5):648-662
We conducted a study of the institutional barriers to introducing urine source separation in the urban area of Kunming, China.
On the basis of a stakeholder analysis, we constructed stakeholder diagrams showing the relative importance of decision-making
power and (positive) interest in the topic. A hypothetical decision-making process for the urban case was derived based on
a successful pilot project in a periurban area. All our results were evaluated by the stakeholders. We concluded that although
a number of primary stakeholders have a large interest in testing urine source separation also in an urban context, most of
the key stakeholders would be reluctant to this idea. However, the success in the periurban area showed that even a single,
well-received pilot project can trigger the process of broad dissemination of new technologies. Whereas the institutional
setting for such a pilot project is favorable in Kunming, a major challenge will be to adapt the technology to the demands
of an urban population. Methodologically, we developed an approach to corroborate a stakeholder analysis with the perception
of the stakeholders themselves. This is important not only in order to validate the analysis but also to bridge the theoretical
gap between stakeholder analysis and stakeholder involvement. We also show that in disagreement with the assumption of most
policy theories, local stakeholders consider informal decision pathways to be of great importance in actual policy-making. 相似文献
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Malenica N Simon S Besendorfer V Maletić E Kontić JK Pejić I 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(9):763-772
Reconstruction of the grapevine cultivation history has advanced tremendously during the last decade. Identification of grapevine
cultivars by using microsatellite DNA markers has mostly become a routine. The parentage of several renowned grapevine cultivars,
like Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, has been elucidated. However, the assembly of a complete grapevine genealogy is not
yet possible because missing links might no longer be in cultivation or are even extinct. This problem could be overcome by
analyzing ancient DNA from grapevine herbarium specimens and other historical remnants of once cultivated varieties. Here,
we present the first successful genotyping of a grapevine herbarium specimen and the identification of the corresponding grapevine
cultivar. Using a set of nine grapevine microsatellite markers, in combination with a whole genome amplification procedure,
we found the 90-year-old Tribidrag herbarium specimen to display the same microsatellite profile as the popular American cultivar Zinfandel. This work, together
with information from several historical documents, provides a new clue of Zinfandel cultivation in Croatia as early as the
beginning of fifteenth century, under the native name Tribidrag. Moreover, it emphasizes substantial information potential of existing grapevine and other herbarium collections worldwide. 相似文献
5.
Munawar Edi Yunardi Y. Lederer Jakob Fellner Johann 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1128-1142
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The enactment of the Waste Act in 2008 represents a milestone in Indonesian waste management legislation, particularly in relation to landfill... 相似文献
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