长江中下游三大湖泊滩地资源的基本特征及其开发利用

本文重点论述了洞庭湖、鄱阳湖和太湖滩地的发育程度及其差异的原因;根据长期的水文观测资料,分析并列表说明了滩地的水情特点及植被概况。在此基础上,从宏观角度提出了对三湖滩地资源开发与整治的对策。     

Triboelectrostatic separation for PP and ABS plastics in end of life passenger vehicles

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recovery and utilization of automotive plastics are global concerns because of the increasing number of end-of-life vehicles. Passenger...     

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well.     

碳基层状双金属氢氧化物对含氮污染物的去除研究进展

水中含氮污染物种类繁杂,危害巨大,是亟待解决的环境问题之一.层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)与多孔碳的复合材料(LDH/C)具备记忆效应、结构可调性、阴离子可交换性等优势,在去除水体中含氮污染物方面极具潜力.根据2015年以来LDH/C研究成果,系统综述了LDH/C的合成方法;详细介绍了LDH/C去除含氮污染物的吸附性能;...     

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 816–820 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Research on the recycling industry development model for typical exterior plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle based on the SWOT method

In-depth studies on the recycling of typical automotive exterior plastic parts are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation, and sustainable development of China. In the current study, several methods were used to analyze the recycling industry model for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles in China. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of the current recycling industry for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles were analyzed comprehensively based on the SWOT method. The internal factor evaluation matrix and external factor evaluation matrix were used to evaluate the internal and external factors of the recycling industry. The recycling industry was found to respond well to all the factors and it was found to face good developing opportunities. Then, the cross-link strategies analysis for the typical exterior parts of the passenger car industry of China was conducted based on the SWOT analysis strategies and established SWOT matrix. Finally, based on the aforementioned research, the recycling industry model led by automobile manufacturers was promoted.     

基于GREET的纯电动公交车与传统公交车全生命周期评估

随着纯电动公交车在城市公共交通中应用越来越广泛,需要对纯电动公交车和传统柴油公交车进行全生命周期评估,并分析推广纯电动公交的可行性.通过美国阿贡实验室开发的GREET（greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation model）软件,充分考虑油井-油泵、公交车运行、车身系统制造、液体系统制造、ADR（装配、报废和回收质量）以及电池制造等6个阶段能耗,结合公交车车型信息和路况信息,构建公交模型,并对公交模型进行能耗模拟、排放物模拟和经济效益评估.结果表明,若车身长度为12 m,车身质量为18 t时,纯电动公交车运行过程能耗仅占其总能耗的31.1%.相较于传统公交车,纯电动公交车全生命周期能耗减少29.1%,全生命周期内VOC、CO、NO_x等污染物排放量分别减少8.7%、36.7%、50.2%,温室气体CO₂的排放量减少19.7%.若公交车队规模为20辆,纯电动公交车使用年限为8 a,则纯电动公交车比例需超过12.7%才能实现盈利,单辆纯电动公交车若实现盈利至少需要3 a.      

Current recycling regulations and technologies for the typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicles: a meaningful lesson for China

China became the largest automotive producer and the biggest automobile market in the world in 2009, but the scrap vehicle recycling industry is still in its beginning stage. Especially, the scrapped plastic parts recycling technology lags behind developed countries. Therefore, in-depth studies on the recycling of automotive plastics are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation and the sustainable development of the Chinese automotive plastic industry. In this article, automotive plastic components recycling-related rules and regulations about developed countries and China are discussed first. According to the passenger vehicle plastic part types, the recycling technologies for typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle are analyzed comprehensively. Based on the combination of contemporary domestic and foreign plastic recycling technology and the result of the current research, the problems and future development for the ELVs plastic recycling industry in China are deliberated, at the same time, some constructive ideas and suggestions for the industry are provided.     

太湖流域围湖利用的动态变化及其对环境的影响

系统研究了建国以来太湖流域围湖利用的动态变化、地区性差异,分析了太湖等大、中型湖泊围湖利用的强度及其与湖泊水情、滩地发育的关系。在此基础上,探讨了围湖利用对水利等环境条件的影响,为研究对围湖利用所应采取的对策提供依据。     

纯电动与柴油货车全生命周期能耗及排放分析

选择传统柴油厢式货车和纯电动厢式货车为研究对象.基于GREET软件,建立适宜于我国国情的车辆全生命周期计算模型,对比分析两款车型全生命周期的能耗、温室气体排放以及标准污染物排放情况;结果表明:纯电动货车全生命周期内的百公里能耗比柴油货车降低了6.57%,化石燃料、天然气、石油的百公里消耗量分别降低14.4%、58.8%、96.8%;纯电动货车CH_4、VOC、CO、NO_x的排放分别比柴油货车低16.7%、14.8%、63.0%和63.4%,而柴油货车的CO_2和SO_x的排放量比纯电动货车低7.2%和96.8%.同时对车辆进行不确定性分析和单因素的敏感性分析发现,纯电动货车全生命周期内CO_2排放量对电能生产阶段的敏感度高达66.9%,而且相较于柴油货车,纯电动货车在全生命周期能耗、一次能源消耗以及主要污染物的排放等方面受车辆寿命的影响较小,在长期运行过程中更能发挥其在节能减排方面的优势.