全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3618篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 67篇 |
废物处理 | 154篇 |
环保管理 | 341篇 |
综合类 | 680篇 |
基础理论 | 1195篇 |
污染及防治 | 768篇 |
评价与监测 | 243篇 |
社会与环境 | 212篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 115篇 |
2017年 | 126篇 |
2016年 | 201篇 |
2015年 | 63篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 449篇 |
2011年 | 234篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 91篇 |
2007年 | 105篇 |
2006年 | 95篇 |
2005年 | 427篇 |
2004年 | 573篇 |
2003年 | 437篇 |
2002年 | 65篇 |
2001年 | 51篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1965年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 6篇 |
1961年 | 7篇 |
1956年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
1943年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3662条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Pyrite ash is created as waste from the roasting of pyrite ores during the production of sulphuric acid. These processes generate great amounts of pyrite ash waste that is generally land filled. This creates serious environmental pollution due to the release of acids and toxic substances. Pyrite ash waste can be utilized in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed to process this waste and prevent environmental pollution. The essential parameters affecting the pelletization process of pyrite ash were studied using bentonite as a binder. Experiments were then carried out using bentonite and a mixture of bentonite with calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in order to make the bentonite more effective. The metallurgical properties of pyrite ash, bentonite, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, a mixture of these and sintered pellets were studied using X-ray analysis. The crushing strength tests were carried out to investigate the strength of pyrite ash waste pellets. The results of these analyses showed that pyrite ash can be agglomerated to pellets and used in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed. The crushing strength of the pellets containing calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in addition to bentonite was better than the strength of pellets prepared using only bentonite binder. 相似文献
4.
Kristina?D.?RothleyEmail author Charlene?Rae 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(2):107-113
In this paper we apply graph theory in a reserve selection exercise to explore the tradeoffs between maintaining connectivity and minimizing the total area of a protected area network. Rather than focus on a single organism, we used a multi-species approach and looked at the tradeoff curves for organisms with varying dispersal abilities. We first generated the tradeoff curves using a graph-based metric to determine the importance of individual patches for maintaining connectivity. We then performed an analogous set of analyses using patch size as a surrogate measure of importance. 相似文献
5.
A modular approach to Integrated Assessment modeling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we present a new approach to model coupling that probably forms the methodological basis of a new generation of Integrated Assessment models. This approach respects the knowledge and expertise that is embodied in existing models and encourages their gradual evolution. Modularity is the guiding principle. Our approach is distinguished by the way modules are coupled which is based on an interplay of a job control module, a numerical coupling module, and a couple of stand-alone functional modules. The numerical coupling module - the core component - serves to treat the feedbacks between the functional modules. A first implemented example that couples an economic and a climate module by means of a two-phase meta-optimization is presented here. The algorithm and mathematical structure behind are discussed as well as important features such as convergence behavior and reliability. 相似文献
6.
Monte Carlo-assisted factor analysis has been applied to a data set of 20 trace-element concentrations in tree-bark samples obtained from 123 locations in The Netherlands, with the aim to investigate the suitability of bark as a biomonitor for air pollution. A Monte Carlo approach was used to give more insight to the uncertainties and significance levels of the factor analysis results. Notwith-standing a rather strong influence of soil material on the concentration levels, factor analysis enabled the identification of five significant pollution source types, all of which corresponded with source types found in an earlier biomonitoring study in The Netherlands using epiphytic lichens. A more detailed comparison with the lichen results showed a remarkable difference in lead concentrations between bark and lichen. It was concluded that bark can be successfully employed as a biomonitor for air pollution. The power of factor analysis to adequately determine the soil contribution may render extensive sample washing procedures superfluous. 相似文献
7.
Jesse?Rush?O’HanleyEmail author David?Tomberlin 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(2):85-98
Removing small artificial barriers that hinder upstream migrations of fish is a major problem in riparian habitat restoration. Because of budgetary limitations, it is necessary to prioritize barrier removal and repair decisions. These have usually been based on scoring and ranking procedures, which, although simple to use, can be very inefficient in terms of increasing the amount of accessible instream habitat. We develop a novel decision-making approach, based on integer programming techniques, which optimizes repair and removal decisions. Results show based on real datasets of barrier culverts located in Washington State that scoring and ranking is over 25% below the optimum on average and a full 100% below in the worst case, producing no net habitat gain whatsoever. This is compared to a dynamic programming method that was able to find optimal solutions in less than a second, even for problems with up to several hundred variables, and a heuristic method, which found solutions with less than a 1% average optimality gap in even less time. 相似文献
8.
J. Altenburger Th. Dielacher P. Eder H. Ferner M. Fegerl J. Fresner O. Gelinek A. Kogler J. Jantschgi M. Nussbaumer B. Russegger H. Schnitzer K. Schauer B. Sebesta J. Seiler F. Sprenger H. Widenmeyer 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1994,2(3-4)
The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects. 相似文献
9.
The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwins Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwins perspective. Weismanns neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwins dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the modern synthesis is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and molecular evolution, experimental bacterial evolution, and computer simulations (in silico evolution of digital organisms). In addition, we discuss the expansion of the modern synthesis, embracing all branches of scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the basic tenets of the synthetic theory have survived, but in modified form. These sub-theories require continued elaboration, particularly in light of molecular biology, to answer open-ended questions concerning the mechanisms of evolution in all five kingdoms of life.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. hc mult. Ernst Mayr on the occasion of his 100th birthdayThis revised version was published online in March 2004, with corrections to the caption of Figure 6. 相似文献