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R. Cossu S. Fiore T. Lai A. Luciano G. Mancini B. Ruffino P. Viotti M.C. Zanetti 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1752-1762
Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) is a special waste that can be classified as either hazardous or non hazardous depending on the amount of hazardous substances and on the features of leachate gathered from EN12457/2 test. However both the strict regulation concerning landfills and the EU targets related to End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) recovery and recycling rate to achieve by 2015 (Directive 2000/53/EC), will limit current landfilling practice and will impose an increased efficiency of ELVs valorization. The present paper considers ELVs context in Italy, taking into account ASRs physical–chemical features and current processing practice, focusing on the enhancement of secondary materials recovery. The application in waste-to-energy plants, cement kilns or metallurgical processes is also analyzed, with a particular attention to the possible connected environmental impacts. Pyrolysis and gasification are considered as emerging technologies although the only use of ASR is debatable; its mixing with other waste streams is gradually being applied in commercial processes. The environmental impacts of the processes are acceptable, but more supporting data are needed and the advantage over (co-)incineration remains to be proven. 相似文献
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Sandro Donnini Mancini Jonas Age Saide Schwartzman Alex Rodrigues Nogueira Dennis Akira Kagohara Maria Zanin 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(1):92-100
This study presents the laboratory scale results of an extra step in Poly (ethylene terephthalate) – PET mechanical recycling (grinding, washing, drying and reprocessing): a chemical washing after the conventional one. Cooking oil PET bottle flakes were washed in water and then subjected to a reaction with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 5 M at 90 °C for 10 min (chemical washing). After rinsing and drying, the flakes were characterized by thermogravimetry, gas chromatography and elemental analysis tests. The results indicated that the chemically washed material had higher purity than PET washed only with water: 99.3% and 96.7%, respectively, which undoubtedly implies properties, applications and prices closer to those of virgin resin. The production of purified terephthalic acid (TPA) from the chemical washing residue was optimized and reached a purity of 99.6%. Despite the results, the use of chemically washed PET and of TPA obtained is not recommended for direct contact with food, since they still contain some impurities. 相似文献
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Riparian Bird Communities as Indicators of Human Impacts Along Mediterranean Streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Riparian areas link aquatic and terrestrial habitats, supporting species-rich bird communities, which integrate both terrestrial
and aquatic processes. For this reason, inclusion of riparian birds in stream bioassessment could add to the information currently
provided by existing programs that monitor aquatic organisms. To assess if bird community metrics could indicate stream conditions,
we sampled breeding birds in the riparian zone of 37 reaches in 5 streams draining watersheds representing a gradient of agricultural
intensity in central Italy. As a more direct indicator of water quality, stream macroinvertebrates were also sampled for computation
of the Italian Extended Biotic Index (IBE). An anthropogenic index was calculated within 1 km of sampled reaches based on
satellite-derived land-use classifications. Predictive models of macroinvertebrate integrity based on land-use and avian metrics
were compared using an information-theoretic approach (AIC). We also determined if stream quality related to the detection
of riverine species. Apparent bird species diversity and richness peaked at intermediate levels of land-use modification,
but increased with IBE values. Water quality did not relate to the detection of riverine species as a guild, but two species,
the dipper Cinclus cinclus and the grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea, were only observed in reaches with the highest IBE values. Small-bodied insectivorous birds and arboreal species were detected
more often in reaches with better water quality and in less modified landscapes. In contrast, larger and granivorous species
were more common in disturbed reaches. According to the information-theoretic approach, the best model for predicting water
quality included the anthropogenic index, bird species diversity, and an index summarizing the trophic structure of the bird
community. We conclude that, in combination with landscape-level information, the diversity and trophic structure of riparian
bird communities could serve as a rapid indicator of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrates and, therefore, degradation of in-stream
biotic integrity. 相似文献
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Thalita Rangueri de Barros Sandro Donnini Mancini José Lázaro Ferraz 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(2):415-429
A study was made of the composition of wastes collected from the pipes of the stormwater drainage system of Sorocaba, SP, Brazil (600 thousand inhabitants). A total of 10 samples weighing at least 100 kg each were sorted into 19 items to determine the fraction that can be considered natural (earth/sand, stones, organic matter, and water, the latter determined after oven-drying the samples) and the anthropogenic fraction (the remaining 15 items, especially construction and demolition wastes and packaging). Soil/sand was found to be the main item collected (52.5 % dry weight), followed by the water soaked into the waste (24.3 %), which meant that all the other wastes were saturated in mud, whose contents varied from 6.4 % (glass) to 87.2 % (metalized plastics packaging). In general, 83 % of the collected wastes can be classified as “natural,” but the remaining 17 % represent 2,000 kg of the most varied types of wastes discarded improperly every day on the streets of the city. This is an alarming amount of wastes that may clog parts of the drainage systems, causing troubles for all the population (like flooding) and must be strongly considered in municipal solid wastes management and in environmental education programs. 相似文献
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Luca Salvati Alberto Mancini Sofia Bajocco Roberta Gemmiti Margherita Carlucci 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(4):767-777
In recent years, the surface area affected by land degradation (LD) has significantly increased in southern European regions
where the socioeconomic development has been proposed as a basic factor underlying the degree of vulnerability to LD. This
paper investigates the correlation between several socioeconomic indicators and the level of vulnerability to LD in Italy,
expressed as changes (1990–2000) in a composite index of land vulnerability (ΔLVI). The analysis was carried out over 784
local districts. The impact of per capita value added, agricultural intensity, industrial and tourism concentration, and urban
growth was separately tested on ΔLVI. Results indicate that a lower district value added, crop intensification, irrigation,
and the level of land vulnerability to degradation are strongly associated with the increasing level of land vulnerability
over time, highlighting the role of the socioeconomic development as a main process underlying LD. In this framework, spatially
equitable sustainable development may represent the effective strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of economic growth
and regional disparities on Mediterranean LD. 相似文献
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G. Bonanno Ferraro P. Mancini M. Divizia E. Suffredini S. Della Libera M. Iaconelli G. La Rosa 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):386-390
Human Cosavirus (HCoSV) is a newly discovered virus whose role in human enteric diseases is still unknown. In Italy, the prevalence and genetic diversity of HCoSV are unexplored. One hundred forty-one raw sewage samples collected throughout Italy were screened for HCoSV by RT-nested PCR. HCoSV was detected in 25.5% of samples. Species A, C, and D, and a potentially new species were detected. Our results show a significant circulation and heterogeneity of HCoSV in Italy. 相似文献
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Mancini Pamela Bonanno Ferraro Giusy Suffredini Elisabetta Veneri Carolina Iaconelli Marcello Vicenza Teresa La Rosa Giuseppina 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):68-74
Food and Environmental Virology - Salivirus (SalV) is a newly discovered virus associated to acute gastroenteritis in humans. In Italy, its prevalence and genetic diversity is unknown. To reduce... 相似文献
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Toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to marine organisms: ambient water quality criteria calculation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In response to increasing concerns over the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in groundwater and surface water and its potential effects in aquatic ecosystems, industry and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) began to collaborate in 1997 to develop aquatic toxicity databases sufficient to derive ambient water quality criteria for MTBE consistent with USEPA requirements. Acute toxicity data for seven marine species, chronic toxicity data for an invertebrate, and plant toxicity data were developed to complete the saltwater database. The species tested were Cyprinodon variegatus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Callinectes sapidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Palaemonetes pugio, Rhepoxynius abronius, Americamysis bahia, and Skeletonema costatum. The toxicity tests were conducted in accordance with USEPA and American Society for Testing and Materials testing procedures and Good Laboratory Practice guidelines. Data developed from this study were consistent with existing data and showed that MTBE has low acute and chronic toxicity to the marine species tested. Based upon measured MTBE concentrations, acute effects were found to range from 166 mg MTBE/l for the grass shrimp to 1950 mg MTBE/l for marine mussel. The no-observed effect concentration for the reproduction and growth of mysids was 26 mg MTBE/l during the life cycle test. The toxicity of MTBE to saltwater organisms is comparable to its toxicity to the freshwater species tested. Reported MTBE concentrations in coastal waters are several orders of magnitude lower than concentrations observed to cause effects in marine organisms. 相似文献
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