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1.
Stefan Bachu Mehran Pooladi-Darvish Huifang Hong 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(4):468-473
Laboratory experiments reported in a companion paper were carried out to examine the chromatographic partitioning of impurities contained in a stream of CO2 injected into a deep saline aquifer. The solubility of the impurity gas in the CO2 stream compared to that of CO2, the in situ conditions of pressure, temperature and water salinity, and the concentration of the impurity gas affect the partitioning of the two gases. For CO2 streams containing H2S, numerical simulations reported here have successfully replicated the laboratory results including the breakthrough of CO2 ahead of H2S. Sensitivity analysis performed with the numerical model has shown that flow conditions, controlled by such parameters as medium permeability, pressure gradient, dispersion, gas mobility and flow direction, affect the breakthrough time and separation of the two gases, leading to delayed or earlier breakthrough, and increasing or decreasing the time lag between the breakthrough of the two gases. Vertical bottom-up flow leads to earlier breakthrough, while top-down flow leads to delayed breakthrough. These results are important in establishing monitoring strategies at CO2 storage sites and in evaluating the risks associated with the possible leakage of injected CO2 that contains impurities. 相似文献
2.
Nader Shariatmadari Sandro Lemos Machado Ali Noorzad Mehran Karimpour-Fard 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(12):2918-2930
The mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of geo-environmental engineering in recent years and several aspects of waste mechanical response under loading have been elucidated. However, the mechanical response of MSW materials under undrained conditions has not been described in detail to date. The knowledge of this aspect of the MSW mechanical response is very important in cases involving MSW with high water contents, seismic ground motion and in regions where landfills are built with poor operation conditions. This paper presents the results obtained from 26 large triaxial tests performed both in drained and undrained conditions. The results were analyzed taking into account the waste particles compressibility and the deformation anisotropy of the waste samples. The waste particles compressibility was used to modify the Terzaghi effective stress equation, using the Skempton (1961) proposition. It is shown that the use of the modified effective stress equation led to much more compatible shear strength values when comparing Consolidated-Drained (CD) and Consolidated-Undrained (CU), results, explaining the high shear strength values obtained in CU triaxial tests, even when the pore pressure is almost equal to the confining stress. 相似文献
3.
Sample storage and extraction efficiencies in determination of polycyclic and nitro musks in sewage sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Smyth SA Lishman L Alaee M Kleywegt S Svoboda L Yang JJ Lee HB Seto P 《Chemosphere》2007,67(2):267-275
Analytical technology is continuously improving, developing better methods for isolating and concentrating trace compounds in environmental samples. Polycyclic and nitro musks (PNMs) are one group of emerging trace compounds detected in municipal wastewater. Differences in sample storage, preparation, and extraction methods for their measurement have led to variability in results. We analyzed 11 PNMs by GC/MS and compared the results of different storage times and extraction methods (supercritical fluid (SFE) or microwave-assisted (MAE)) for 202 samples of primary sludge, waste activated sludge (WAS), raw sludge, and aerobically/anaerobically digested biosolids collected from Canadian municipal wastewater treatment plants. Sixty-three air-dried samples were extracted by SFE, and 139 air-dried, centrifuged, or filtered samples were extracted by MAE. The mean surrogate recoveries were 89% (standard deviation (SD)=11%) for d(10)-anthracene by SFE and 88% (SD=14%) for d(10)-phenanthrene by MAE. Storage study results showed that PNM concentrations changed by a mean of 7% and 9% for primary sludge and WAS respectively after four weeks and decreased up to 25% after 13.5 months of storage in amber glass containers at -18 degrees C. Air-drying of sludge at room temperature caused losses of about 50% of PNM concentrations compared to centrifugation. The proportions of PNMs present in the liquid phase of sludge samples were less than 5% compared to proportions in the sludge solids. The most complete liquid-solid separation was achieved by filtration of frozen/thawed sludge samples, producing a liquid phase that contained less than 1% of the total musk content of the sample. 相似文献
4.
Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis for a GIS-based hazardous waste landfill sitting in Kurdistan Province, western Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mozafar Sharifi Mosslem Hadidi Elahe Vessali Parasto Mosstafakhani Kamal Taheri Saber Shahoie Mehran Khodamoradpour 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(10):2740-2758
The evaluation of a hazardous waste disposal site is a complicated process because it requires data from diverse social and environmental fields. These data often involve processing of a significant amount of spatial information which can be used by GIS as an important tool for land use suitability analysis. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision analysis alongside with a geospatial analysis for the selection of hazardous waste landfill sites in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. The study employs a two-stage analysis to provide a spatial decision support system for hazardous waste management in a typically under developed region. The purpose of GIS was to perform an initial screening process to eliminate unsuitable land followed by utilization of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to identify the most suitable sites using the information provided by the regional experts with reference to new chosen criteria. Using 21 exclusionary criteria, as input layers, masked maps were prepared. Creating various intermediate or analysis map layers a final overlay map was obtained representing areas for hazardous waste landfill sites. In order to evaluate different landfill sites produced by the overlaying a landfill suitability index system was developed representing cumulative effects of relative importance (weights) and suitability values of 14 non-exclusionary criteria including several criteria resulting from field observation. Using this suitability index 15 different sites were visited and based on the numerical evaluation provided by MCDA most suitable sites were determined. 相似文献
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Cell biosensors are currently emerging as novel, sensitive techniques to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants.
Here, we have developed electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) for on-line monitoring of the behavior of insect
cells. Cells were cultured on a microarray of eight small gold electrodes, deposited on the bottom of tissue culture wells.
Upon inoculation, cells showed a tendency to drift downward and attached to the gold surface precoated with the protein Concanavalin
A to accelerate the cell attachment. The impedance increased because the cells acted as insulating particles to restrict the
current flow. The resulting impedance, a coordination of many biological reactions within the cell, was continuously monitored
in real-time to reveal information about cell spreading and micromotion. As the cell behavior was sensitive to external chemicals,
the applicability of ECIS for inhibition assays was demonstrated with HgCl2, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB).
Electronic Publication 相似文献
8.
Salehi Tahereh Shirvani Mehran Dinari Mohammad Gavili Edris 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4463-4478
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorptive removal of toxic metals from water using materials with high removal capability and sufficient environmental degradability is of great... 相似文献
9.
Abolfazl Biabani-Ravandi Mehran Rezaei Zohreh Fattah 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(6):489-494
Iron–cobalt mixed metal oxide nanoparticles (Co/Fe molar ratio: 1/5) have been prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and employed as catalyst in low-temperature CO oxidation. The prepared catalysts were characterized by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), N2 adsorption (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results revealed that inexpensive iron–cobalt mixed metal oxide nanoparticles have a high potential as catalyst in low temperature CO oxidation. The results showed that increasing in calcination temperature increased the crystallite and particle size and decreased the specific surface area, which caused a decrease in catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. In addition, the pretreatment conditions affect the catalytic activity and catalyst pretreated under oxidative atmosphere showed the higher activity than those pretreated under reductive and inert atmospheres. 相似文献
10.
Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in lake trout from the Laurentian Great Lakes 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Luross JM Alaee M Sergeant DB Cannon CM Whittle DM Solomon KR Muir DC 《Chemosphere》2002,46(5):665-672
Concentrations of two types of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs); polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) were determined in a single age class of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) collected from the Laurentian Great Lakes in 1997. Mean concentrations of total PBDE were highest in samples from Lake Ontario at 95+/-22 ng/g wet weight (ww) or 434+/-100 ng/g lipid weight (lw) while the lowest concentrations were observed in Lake Erie lake trout (27+/-8.6 ng/g ww, 117+/-37 ng/g lw). In all samples, the predominant PBDE congeners were 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), and 2,2',4,4', 6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), which are the primary components of the commonly used penta-BDE formulation flame retardant. Lake trout collected from Lake Huron had the highest concentrations of PBBs (3.1+/-1.7 ng/g ww, 15+/-8.5 ng/g lw), while the lowest levels were detected in fish from Lake Superior (0.25+/-0.13 ng/g ww, 1.7+/-0.89 ng/g lw). In all lake trout samples, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), a major constituent of the flame-retardant FireMaster BP-6, was the predominant PBB congener. 相似文献