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1.
Physico-chemical characteristics of some river and hand-dug well waters used for drinking and domestic purposes in the oil
rich Niger Delta area of Nigeria were assessed using standard methods. The concentrations of the parameters in the river water
samples ranged in the following order: pH (5.6–6.9), temperature (26.90–28.60°C), turbidity (23–63 NTU), electrical conductivity
(52–184 μs/cm), DO (5.4–7.2 mg/l), BOD (21–57 mg/l), TDS (6.0–217 mg/l), PO4
3− (0.19–1.72 mg/l), SO4
2− (25–36.8 mg/l), NO3
− (20.3–28 mg/l), Fe (6.07–15.71 mg/l), Zn (0.04–0.24 mg/l), Pb (0.01–0.17 mg/l), Ni (0.01–0.13 mg/l), Vn (0.01–0.20 mg/l)
and Hg (0.001–0.002 mg/l). The concentrations of these parameters in the hand-dug well water ranged in the following order:
pH (5.7–6.8) temperature (26–30°C), turbidity (134–171 NTU), electrical conductivity (160–340 μs/cm), DO (5.4–6.4 mg/l), BOD
(13–34 mg/l), TDS (110–190 mg/l), PO4
3− (0.84–1.84 mg/l), SO4
2− (10.6–28.1 mg/l), NO3
− (11.3–23 mg/l), Fe (13.17–16.31 mg/l), Ni (0.01–0.02 mg/l), Vn (0.01–0.04 mg/l) and Hg (0.001–0.004 mg/l). The concentrations
of BOD, turbidity, NO3
− and Fe in the water samples were above WHO and FMENV permissible limits for safe drinking water. The results suggest that
the use of such waters for drinking and domestic purposes pose a serious threat to the health of the users and calls for the
intervention of government agencies. 相似文献
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3.
Osamu Sawai Teppei Nunoura Kazuo Yamamoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):82-92
Sewage sludge, a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment, was gasified by supercritical water using a bench-scale batch reactor. Configuration of bench-scale batch reactor and operation procedures are discussed in detail. Experience and challenges that arose during the experiment are also shared. Using the bench-scale reactor under the condition of 600 °C, 23 MPa, and a reaction time of 60 min without catalyst presence, a total gas yield of 9.8 mol/(kg-sewage sludge) was obtained. Furthermore, investigations on operational parameters were conducted. Extension of reaction time up to 60 min increased the gasification, reaching a plateau thereafter. Investigation on pressure indicated the superiority of supercritical pressure. The addition of Ni as a catalyst also promoted gasification, although inorganic salts and char seemed to cover the catalyst surface. With regard to the prospect of future operation at a municipal waste water treatment plant, the effect of operational parameters on heavy metal concentration in the liquid phase is also discussed. 相似文献
4.
A larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) assay was proposed to evaluate the fish safety level of river waters and wastewaters. Organic toxicants were 10-100 times concentrated with adsorption cartridges from 4 l of river water or 1-10 times concentrated from 400 ml of wastewater. Toxicity of these concentrated solutions was determined by exposing 48-72 h post-hatch age larvae for 48 h. The method effectively revealed a variation of the median lethal concentration ratio (LCR50) from 13 to >100 in 125 river water samples, and from <1 to >10 in five typical wastewater samples. Ayase River, which takes water mostly from agricultural or household discharge, showed significantly (P<0.001) lower LCR50 than Sagami River that takes natural water as the source. Safety Levels in both Sagami River and Ayase River were influenced by the irrigation activity, LCR50 at some sites showing a seasonal-specific decrease in winter. Pollution from pulp and paper industries contributed to the low LCR50 in several tributaries of Ayase River. Required little manpower in sampling, pretreatment and testing, the proposed larval medaka assay was proved as an efficient tool for screening those high risk sites for priority management. 相似文献
5.
Soromon Kataoka Hideaki Sawai Hideto Yamada Nozomi Kanazawa Koji Koyama Gen Nishimura Mamoru Morikawa Noriaki Sakuragi Hisanori Minakami 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(1):45-49
Hypochondroplasia is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia expressing postnatal onset of short stature with mild rhizomelic shortening of the limbs. This manifestation leads to restricted prenatal diagnosis of the disorder. We report here on a sporadic case of a hypochondroplastic baby, whose prenatal sonographic measurements were serially recorded from 19 weeks of gestation. Mild shortening of the limbs became manifest after 26 weeks of gestation. Biparietal diameter was within the normal range throughout gestation. Both parents were of average stature. A tentative diagnosis of a nonlethal short-limb skeletal dysplasia was made. At birth, the clinical manifestations of the neonate were not characteristic, but the radiographic features raised the possibility of hypochondroplasia. Molecular analyses revealed a C to G mutation at nucleotide 1659 of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, a common mutation in hypochondroplasia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Chia Jennifer W. F. Sawai Osamu Nunoura Teppei 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1423-1430
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this paper, the carbonization of multilayer PET containing an oxygen barrier layer was investigated. The oxygen barrier layer was identified as... 相似文献
7.
Kamal Baharin Nur Syahirah Cherdkeattikul Supitchaya Kanada Nami Hara Hirofumi Mizuno Satoru Sawai Toru Fuchihata Manabu Ida Tamio 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):17-36
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Growing concern over fossil fuel depletion and the environmental impact of greenhouse gases have driven the demand for solid biofuel energy as an... 相似文献
8.
Shyamal Dhananjay Singh Sawai Ankita Kazmi Absar Ahmad 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(3):835-851
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Improper management of solid waste creates health problems and degrades the environment (air, water, and soil). The Indian state Uttarakhand is... 相似文献
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10.
Miyuki Nishiyama Akihiko Sekizawa Kohei Ogawa Hideaki Sawai Hiroaki Nakamura Osamu Samura Nobuhiro Suzumori Setsuko Nakayama Takahiro Yamada Masaki Ogawa Yukiko Katagiri Jun Murotsuki Yoko Okamoto Akira Namba Haruka Hamanoue Masanobu Ogawa Kiyonori Miura Shunichiro Izumi Yoshimasa Kamei Haruhiko Sago 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(12):1121-1126