Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and alumina recovery from waste artificial marble powder pyrolysis

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Owing to various advantages of artificial marble compared to natural marble, its application has been rising exponentially, which has resulted in...     

不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的胁迫效应

了解不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的急性毒性效应。曝油处理采用磁力搅拌器搅拌,一定时间的超声波乳化等操作,模拟溢油在海洋中风浪、涡动、湍流的乳化过程;设置阶梯浓度组,并在多个平行组急性试验的基础上,估算出8种油品对2种虾类和2种蟹类的半致死质量浓度LC50和安全质量浓度MPC,并运用程序编制溢油质量浓度与虾蟹类死亡率相关性的估算模型。经过分析,结果得到：各MPC值参差不齐,差距较大;燃料油普遍比原油的毒性效应大;相同生长阶段,蟹类比虾类抗油毒害性强、中国明对虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis比日本囊对虾Marsupenaeusjaponicus抗油毒害性强、锯缘青蟹Scyllaserrata比三疣梭子蟹Portunustrituberculatu抗油毒害性强。编制的溢油质量浓度与死亡率相关性的评估模型,简易方便直观,为渔业污染事故理赔提供了一定的参考价值,亦为海域的生态经济学评估提供了一种新的研究方法。     

大亚湾海洋生物体重金属含量与变化趋势分析

根据2001年11月大亚湾15个调查站、20个生物种类共计63个生物样品的Cu、Pb、Cd和Hg含量检测结果,阐述了大亚湾近期海洋经济种类生物体的重金属含量水平。结果表明：鱼类、蟹类、虾类和头足类生物体重金属含量分别为：Cu0．16～11．85、Pb0．17～0．54、Cd0．02～0．25和Hg0．007～0．087mg／kg。虾蟹和蟹类体中Cu、Pb、Cd和Hg含量最高,鱼类最低,头足类居中;本调查结果除Pb的含量略高于1992年的调查结果外,Cu、Cd和Hg的含量略低于或相当于10年前的调查水平：与中华人民共和国农业行业标准“无公害食品：水产品有毒有害物质限量”衡量,目前大亚湾鱼类、虾、蟹类和头足类生物体中Cu、Pb、Cd和Hg的平均含量均未超标准,经济种类生物体重金属安全卫生质量尚好。     

Comparative study of torrefaction of empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper describes the effect of torrefaction on the characteristics of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS). The torrefaction...     

Statistical evaluation of geochemical parameter distribution in a ground water system contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

A shallow-depth ground water area was investigated to identify the dominant processes governing the distribution of hydrocarbon contaminants and hydrogeochemical parameters. The ground water in the study site has been highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. A preliminary pump-and-treatment remediation technology was applied for 4 yr at the site. Multivariate analyses were applied to hydrogeochemical data obtained before and after the rainy season. The pump-and-treatment application, indigenous biodegradation, and mixing by precipitation recharge are the major factors or events involved in the distribution of geochemical parameters of the ground water in the study area. Site-specific artificial pavement also played an important role in the evolution of the ground water chemistry. A conventional graphical analysis method (Piper plot) of major ions did not effectively reveal these effects. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of multivariate analysis (factor and cluster analyses) using biodegradation indicator parameters, as well as major cations and anions, for the study of the ground water system in the hydrocarbon-contaminated site.     

珠江口海洋生物体中脂肪烃组分的气相色谱指纹特征分析

采用毛细管气相色谱法分析了珠江口鱼类（蓝圆）、虾类（长毛对虾）、头足类（火枪乌贼）和贝类（近江牡蛎）样品的脂肪烃组分。组分特征参数表明,珠江口海洋生物体中的脂肪烃类主要来自石油源,少量来自海洋生源烃。生物体内的石油烃已经经历了一定程度的降解和代谢,反应出低浓度持续性石油污染的特点。在４种海洋生物中,近江牡蛎表现出较弱的降解和代谢石油烃的能力。     

Human Enteric Viruses in Groundwater

Waterborne outbreaks of enteric viruses are a major public health concern. The present study has been carried out to assess the presence of enteric viruses responsible for human acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in groundwater intended for drinking and produce washing. In total, 62 samples from groundwater for drinking and produce washing collected from Dec 2007 to Dec 2008 in Seoul were tested for enteric viruses using conventional RT–PCR, ELISA, and real-time RT–PCR. Our results showed that enteric viruses were detected in 7 (8.8%) groundwater samples. Rotaviruses were detected in 3 (4.8%) of the samples by ELISA; human adenoviruses were detected in 2 (3.2%) of the samples by ELISA; and nested RT–PCR detected noroviruses in 2 (3.2%) of the samples. In one of the groundwater sample, the norovirus RNA was detected by conventional RT–PCR which was confirmed positive by real-time RT–PCR. Additionally, real-time RT–PCR successfully detected norovirus RNA in five out of 62 water samples (8.1%). The data demonstrate that real-time RT–PCR will be useful as a rapid and sensitive method for detecting norovirus in water samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the noroviruses detected in two of the groundwater samples belonged to GII-4. These studies can provide important information for the prevalence of enteric viruses in Korean groundwater.     

Evaluation of operational parameters in thermophilic acid fermentation of kitchen waste

In this study, the effect of operational parameters, such as solids retention time (SRT), pH, and substrate total solids (TS) concentration, on acid fermentation efficiency was investigated. From batch tests, it was shown that the appropriate pH range for thermophilic acidogens was around 6–7 and that the optimum pH condition was 6. From the continuous experiment, pH and SRT were shown to be the most important operational parameters for solubilization and organic acid production. In contrast, TS concentration did not show any obvious effect on chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) solubilization when TS was in the range 3.5%–10%. The optimum operational conditions for thermophilic acid fermentation were an SRT of 2 days and a pH of 6. This research was carried as a part of the CREST project of Japan Science and Technology Agency.     

东海毛颚动物多样性指数H′的分布

根据1997～2000年在东海(27°～32°N,128°E以西)的大型浮游动物垂直拖网调查结果,对陆架区毛颚动物多样性指数分布现状进行分析和探讨。结果表明:海区多样性指数以冬季最高,夏秋季次之,夏季第三,春季最低;平面分布格局大致呈近海向外海、北部向南部递增的趋势;多样性指数主要取决东海暖水、黑潮和东海沿岸水的消长,反映了不同季节群落结构时空分布的动态变化过程。