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1.
    
Sustainable waste management is a core issue facing local and national governments. It is widely acknowledged that although producers of goods and materials have a role to play in reducing waste, the general public, in the way that we consume and utilize products, have a key role in delivering sustainable waste management. This paper supports this assertion with data from a study of waste management attitudes and reported behaviours in southwest England. The paper presents a conceptual framework for examining attitudes and behaviours towards waste management, incorporating environmental values, situational factors and psychological variables. Using this framework, the paper demonstrates the range of influences acting on attitudes and actions towards sustainable waste management practices, focusing especially on recycling behaviour. The paper argues that the framework could provide a useful tool for examining the variety of factors influencing a range of public actions relevant to sustainable development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.  相似文献   
2.
Book reviews     
PIONEERS IN BRITISH PLANNING

Gordon Cherry (Ed.)

The Architectural Press, London, 1981. 232 pp with index and illustrations.

Price £8.95 paperback.

PLANNING PROCEDURES

John Stephenson

Northwood Books, 1982

Price £9.95 hardback, 192 pages

INDUSTRIAL LOCATION POLICY FOR ECONOMIC REVITALISATION

Morris L. Sweet

Praeger, 1981

THE POLITICS OF TOWN PLANNING

Gordon Cherry

Longmans, 1982. 165 pp.

THE POLITICS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Alan Alexander

Longman, 1982, 143 pp. Price £3.95 paperback

LAND USE AND LIVING SPACE

Robin Best

Methuen U.P., 1981

URBAN PROJECTS MANUAL

A guide to preparing upgrading and new development projects accessable to low income groups.

Forbes Davidson and Geoff Payne (Eds)

University Press 1983 Price £7.50

LONDON'S GREEN BELT: CONTAINMENT IN PRACTICE

Richard Munton

George Allen & Unwin, 1983

OUTDOOR RECREATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

John Pigram

Croom Helm, 1983

THE IDEAL CITY — ITS ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION IN EUROPE

Rosenau, H.

Methuen & Co. Ltd., London & New York. Third Edition 1983. 195 pages illustrated. Hardback.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN THE BRITISH ISLES

A. H. Perry

George Allen and Unwin, 1981

RECREATION AND RESOURCES: LEISURE PATTERNS AND LEISURE PLACES

J. Allan Patmore

Blackwell, 1983  相似文献   

3.
    
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed a reservoir diagnosis and developed low-cost recommendations to improve drinking water quality for the city of Nizhnii Tagil, Russia. Despite widespread regional pollution, water quality within the drinking water supply source can be summarized as generally good. Sampling and analysis efforts did not reveal appreciable amounts of hazardous chemicals or metals. The major water quality problem stems from an abundance of blue-green algae during the summer months, causing drinking water taste and odor problems and filter clogging at the water treatment plant. City water treatment officials also frequently experience difficulties with maintaining an effective disinfection residual in the distribution system because it spans more than 30 kilometers in length. Regrowth of microorganisms in the distribution system often causes coliform bacteria counts to exceed standards. The implementation of a watershed protection and management program, and the installation of a new disinfection system, to purify drinking water and to reduce bacterial growth in the distribution system should improve drinking water quality for the city residents.  相似文献   
4.
    
A pigment is a naturally occurring colored substance that is created by plants, animals, and microbes. Pigments are utilized in a variety of industries, including food coloring, pharmaceuticals, fabric dying, cosmetics, ink plastics, coloring paints, and so on. The Natural pigments /Bio pigments are very expensive because mass production is difficult. There are more pigments in nature, but only a small number are available in large enough amounts to be useful for industry. This study is attempted to isolate a bacterial red pigmented organism from facial acne was identified as Serratia marcescens MBM-17 according to Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology and molecular characterization and production of red pigment was optimized at various growth factors, maximum pigment production was at pH 4, 72 h and 37 ± 2°C, that is, 15.56 g/ L. The partial purified pigment was characterized by UV–Vis, and maximum absorbance was at 533.5 nm. SEM analysis shows that the surface morphology and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of prodigiosin. Prodigiosin has antibacterial efficacy against gram positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, and gram negative bacterial strains. Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp, antifungal potency against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor sp, and checked the fabric dying effects of pigments. Prodigiosin used as fabric dye is applied on clothes, which shows good color tone. This study is highlighting the production of a natural pigment/drug, Prodigiosin with antimicrobial activity may be used for the manufacture of dyed dress materials and masks having antimicrobial action for public especially health workers in this pandemic situation.  相似文献   
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6.
River damming provides a dominant human impact on river environments worldwide, and while local impacts of reservoir flooding are immediate, subsequent ecological impacts downstream can be extensive. In this article, we assess seven research strategies for analyzing the impacts of dams and river flow regulation on riparian ecosystems. These include spatial comparisons of (1) upstream versus downstream reaches, (2) progressive downstream patterns, or (3) the dammed river versus an adjacent free-flowing or differently regulated river(s). Temporal comparisons consider (4) pre- versus post-dam, or (5) sequential post-dam conditions. However, spatial comparisons are complicated by the fact that dams are not randomly located, and temporal comparisons are commonly limited by sparse historic information. As a result, comparative approaches are often correlative and vulnerable to confounding factors. To complement these analyses, (6) flow or sediment modifications can be implemented to test causal associations. Finally, (7) process-based modeling represents a predictive approach incorporating hydrogeomorphic processes and their biological consequences. In a case study of Hells Canyon, the upstream versus downstream comparison is confounded by a dramatic geomorphic transition. Comparison of the multiple reaches below the dams should be useful, and the comparison of Snake River with the adjacent free-flowing Salmon River may provide the strongest spatial comparison. A pre- versus post-dam comparison would provide the most direct study approach, but pre-dam information is limited to historic reports and archival photographs. We conclude that multiple study approaches are essential to provide confident interpretations of ecological impacts downstream from dams, and propose a comprehensive study for Hells Canyon that integrates multiple research strategies.  相似文献   
7.
A review of the use of planning and design briefs by local authorities in the United Kingdom was carried out in 1982–83 to test whether the role of the brief as an instrument of local policy and as a promotional tool in the development process was being fully exploited. The paper provides a state of the art review, presents a summary of the findings and offers some comments on the results. It concludes that most authorities now use briefs as part of their normal planning procedures, but that there is potential which is not yet being exploited.  相似文献   
8.
Abstract: Unpaved road‐stream crossings increase sediment yields in streams and alter channel morphology and stability. Before restoration and sedimentation reduction strategies can be implemented, a priority listing of unpaved road‐stream crossings must be created. The objectives of this study were to develop a sedimentation risk index (SRI) for unpaved road‐stream crossings and to prioritize 125 sites in the Choctawhatchee watershed (southeastern Alabama) using this model. Field surveys involved qualitative and quantitative observations of 73 metrics related to waterway conditions, crossing structures, road approaches, and roadside soil erosion. The road‐stream crossing risk analyses involved elimination of candidate metrics based on redundancy, skewness, lack of data, professional judgment, lack of nonzero values, unbalanced box plots, and limited ranges of values. A final selection of 12 metrics formed the SRI and weighed factors involving soil erodibility, road sedimentation abatement features, and stream morphology alteration. The SRI was organized into narrative categories (excellent, good, fair, poor, and very poor) based on the distribution of scores. No excellent sites (scores ≥55) were found in this study, 17 (20.7%) were good (low sedimentation risk), 37 (45.1%) were fair (moderate sedimentation risk), 26 (31.7%) were poor (high sedimentation risk), and two (2.5%) were very poor (high sedimentation risk). There was no significant difference in SRI scores among crossing structure type (round culverts, box culverts, and bridges) (H = 4.31, df = 2, p = 0.058). A future study of the Choctawhatchee watershed involving the same study sites could assess the success of restoration plans and activities based on site score improvement or decline.  相似文献   
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