Fe3O4/TiO2-H2O2非均相类Fenton体系对3，4-二氯三氟甲苯的降解

用Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯(3,4-DCBTE)进行降解反应研究,同时考察了pH值、催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、温度等因素对3,4-DCBTE降解效率的影响.实验结果表明,Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯的处理效果极佳;并且在H_2O_2投加量为45.0 mg·L~(-1)、Fe_3O_4/TiO_2的物质的量比为1∶1、pH=3.0、温度为40.0℃的条件下反应效果最佳,去除率高达99.1%.同时从实验结果可以看出,pH在2.0~7.0范围内该体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯均有降解效果,说明该体系相比于传统的Fenton体系有较宽的pH适用范围.目标污染物的降解符合一级反应动力学,其发生反应所需的活化能为36.9 k J·mol~(-1).     

二氧化碳资源化技术研究进展

过量的二氧化碳(CO2)排放可导致温室效应的不断加剧,因此CO2减排受到越来越多的关注,其中将CO2转化为附加值较高的化工产品,即CO2资源化利用技术不仅可实现CO2减排,同时具有一定的经济效益。CO2资源化利用技术主要包括光化学还原法、电化学还原法和催化转移氢化法等。重点介绍并总结了以上3种方法的特点、优势和不足,指出未来需研究解决的关键问题和研究方向,为实现高效的CO2资源化利用提供借鉴和参考。     

A dynamic modelling of nutrient metabolism in a cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) for treating low carbon source wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A new mathematical model incorporating biopolymer kinetics and the process of the simultaneous storage and growth are established for the treatment of...     

合流制管网溢流污染过程中溶解性有机污染物演替特征分析

合流制管网溢流（Combined Sewer Overflows,CSOs）是我国城镇地表水环境日益突出的瞬时污染源,明确其重要污染物溶解性有机质（Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM）的组分和来源对CSOs污染控制具有导向性意义.本研究以北运河上游沙河水库流域为对象,连续采集CSOs过程的样品,通过峰值法、特征参数法和平行因子法等解析CSOs中DOM的三维荧光光谱特征,发现CSOs中DOM主要有类色氨酸（S、T）、类富里酸（A）和类酪氨酸（D）,代表内源输入的类色氨酸（S、T）和类酪氨酸（D）占比超过4/5.特征参数法和平行因子法的结果均表明DOM的腐殖化程度较低,生物活性较强,主要为微生物降解生成的和沉积物自身在冲刷和水力输运作用下释放的内源污染,建议CSOs污染控制主要应从内源输入的角度进行,着重控制管道沉积物中污染物的释放.     

Enhanced catalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol via singlet oxygen dominated peroxymonosulfate activation on CoOOH@Bi2O3 composite

• Bi₂O₃ cannot directly activate PMS. • Bi₂O₃ loading increased the specific surface area and conductivity of CoOOH. • Larger specific surface area provided more active sites for PMS activation. • Faster electron transfer rate promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species. • ¹O₂ was identified as dominant ROS in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system. Cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) has been turned out to be a high-efficiency catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, CoOOH was loaded on bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) using a facile chemical precipitation process to improve its catalytic activity and stability. The result showed that the catalytic performance on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation was significantly enhanced with only 11 wt% Bi₂O₃ loading. The degradation rate in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system (0.2011 min⁻¹) was nearly 6.0 times higher than that in the CoOOH/PMS system (0.0337 min⁻¹). Furthermore, CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ displayed better stability with less Co ions leaching (16.4% lower than CoOOH) in the PMS system. These phenomena were attributed to the Bi₂O₃ loading which significantly increased the conductivity and specific surface area of the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ composite. Faster electron transfer facilitated the redox reaction of Co (III) / Co (II) and thus was more favorable for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, larger specific surface area furnished more active sites for PMS activation. More importantly, there were both non-radical (¹O₂) and radicals (SO₄⁻•, O₂⁻•, and OH•) in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system and ¹O₂ was the dominant one. In general, this study provided a simple and practical strategy to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of cobalt oxyhydroxide in the PMS system.     

黄土高原东部山区两种灌木群落的土壤碳通量研究

用动态气室法对2个灌木群落(样地1:黄刺玫+荆条Rosa xanthina+Vitex negundo;样地2:沙棘Periploca sepium)的土壤碳通量进行了连续4年(2005～2008年)的定位测定,研究灌木群落土壤碳通量的年内、年际变化与土壤温度和水分的关系.结果表明:土壤碳通量具有明显的季节变化特点,受土壤温度和水分的影响,土壤碳通量的最大值出现在土壤温度和水分均较高的月份,最低值出现在3、12月以及其它较为干旱的月份;2个灌木群落4年土壤碳通量的平均值分别为(5.20±4.02)、(3.21±2.38)、(3.48±2.48)、(2.73±1.46)μmol.m-.2s-1和(6.10±4.31)、(3.90±2.54)、(3.89±3.07)、(3.92±2.71)μmol.m-.2s-1(以CO2计),4年的总平均值为(4.02±3.08)μmol.m-.2s-1.2个灌木群落4年土壤碳通量的总平均值分别为1002和1169 g.m-.2a-1(以C计),样地间差异不显著(p=0.35).剔除土壤水分胁迫时测定的数据后,指数函数可以很好地拟合土壤碳通量与土壤温度的关系,方程的决定系数分别在0.47～0.85和0.78～0.85之间;样地1和样地2的土壤碳通量温度敏感性指数(Q10值)分别在1.88～2.73和3.61～4.28之间.土壤水分对土壤碳通量的影响在样地1较为明显.但是,对4年测定所有数据的分段分析表明,生长季土壤水分对土壤碳通量影响显著(p0.05),非生长季土壤温度对土壤碳通量影响显著(p0.05).用包含土壤水分和土壤温度的4个双变量关系方程可提高模型的预测能力,R2值在0.52～0.89之间.研究结果可为黄土高原东部山区灌丛土壤碳通量乃至生态系统碳平衡研究提供参考.     

不同结构芳香酸对厌氧颗粒污泥特性与微生物群落的影响

以苯甲酸（BA）、邻苯二甲酸（PA）、连苯三甲酸（HA）、1-萘甲酸（1NA）为研究对象,探究了不同结构芳香酸对厌氧颗粒污泥理化特性与微生物群落的影响.结果表明,在40 d的接触实验中,1NA实验组对溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）的去除率为86.09%,与空白对照组相比降低了7%.4个实验组污泥疏松胞外聚合物（LB-EPS）和紧密胞外聚合物（TB-EPS）中多糖含量分别比对照组高0.30~1.28、0.19~1.03 mg·g^-1,蛋白含量分别提高了0.025~0.326、0.007~0.171 mg·g^-1.在LB-EPS三维荧光（EEM）光谱中,HA和1NA实验组中出现了类腐殖酸物质荧光峰,且辅酶F₄₂₀峰强度有所降低.对于酶活性而言,HA、1NA实验组乙酸激酶相对活性比对照组减少了65.26%、6.93%.通过高通量测序发现,对照组与实验组中的优势菌群均为Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi和Firmicutes.HA与1NA的加入降低了Actinobacteria的相对丰度,提高了Bacteroidetes和Synergistetes的相对丰度.对于古细菌而言,Methanothrix在对照组与实验组中为优势种属,其相对丰度达到49.95%~80.40%;但实验组Methanothrix的相对丰度减少了10.69%~30.45%,且1NA实验组尤为明显;而1NA的加入提高了Methanospirillum的相对丰度,达到34.08%.同时,细菌和古细菌代谢通路预测表明,其主要功能组为代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理和细胞过程,芳香酸使得厌氧颗粒污泥中氨基酸的代谢功能有所增强.     

Removal,distribution and plant uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a simulated constructed wetland system

• PFOS was removed by soil adsorption and plant uptake in the VFCW. • Uptake of PFOS by E. crassipes was more than that of C. alternifolius. • PFOS in wastewater can inhibit the removal of nutrients. • Dosing with PFOS changed the soil microbial community in the VFCW. A vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) was used to treat simulated domestic sewage containing perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The removal rate of PFOS in the domestic sewage was 93%–98%, through soil adsorption and plant uptake, suggesting that VFCWs can remove PFOS efficiently from wastewater. The removal of PFOS in the VFCW was dependent on soil adsorption and plant uptake; moreover, the percentage of soil adsorption was 61%–89%, and was higher than that of the plants uptake (5%–31%). The absorption capacity of Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) (1186.71 mg/kg) was higher than that of Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius) (162.77 mg/kg) under 10 mg/L PFOS, and the transfer factor of PFOS in E. crassipes and C. alternifolius was 0.04 and 0.58, respectively, indicating that PFOS is not easily translocated to leaves from roots of wetland plants; moreover, uptake of PFOS by E. crassipes was more than that of C. alternifolius because the biomass of E. crassipes was more than that of C. alternifolius and the roots of E. crassipes can take up PFOS directly from wastewater while C. alternifolius needs to do so via its roots in the soil. The concentration of 10 mg/L PFOS had an obvious inhibitory effect on the removal rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia nitrogen in the VFCW, which decreased by 15%, 10%, 10% and 12%, respectively. Dosing with PFOS in the wastewater reduced the bacterial richness but increased the diversity in soil because PFOS stimulated the growth of PFOS-tolerant strains.     

海风环流对上海一次臭氧污染过程影响的数值模拟研究

本文针对上海2017年夏季的一次臭氧污染过程,利用WRF-Chem模式模拟了海风环流在臭氧输送、聚集和消散过程中所起的作用.结果表明,白天的海风在沿海区域对500 m高度以下的近地面大气起到清洁作用,但海风环流上支离岸气流也会将海风辐合带的高浓度臭氧输送回到近海的边界层中上部,同时,海风环流和热岛环流的加强效应有助于臭氧前体物（VOC和NO₂）在辐合带和近海边界层中上部的聚集,从而加快生成臭氧的光化学反应,进一步地加剧臭氧高值区的臭氧污染.在此基础上设计的敏感性实验分析了城市化和海温的贡献.结果发现,城市化会加重上海地区边界层上部的臭氧污染,白天城市热岛环流对海风环流存在正向叠加作用,增强近地面的向岸风;而海温升高会削弱海风,对臭氧的分布产生很大的影响,进一步证明海风环流在臭氧分布的变化中起到了重要的作用.