Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were ‘anomalous’ in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.     

磷酸盐对铅污染土壤稳定化修复机理的研究

在铅污染土壤中分别加入磷酸二氢钠(SDP)、磷酸氢二钠(DSP)、磷酸钠(TPA),研究不同磷酸盐对铅污染土壤的稳定化效果及其修复机理,并与未处理的铅污染土壤进行比较。结果表明:SDP、DSP、TPA处理后,均能在较短的养护时间(5d)后显著降低污染土壤中铅的浸出浓度,最佳稳定率分别达78.98%、86.43%、91.47%,且磷酸盐的作用效果与其投加量呈正相关,稳定化效果能在较长时间内保持稳定;磷酸盐的作用机理主要是通过磷酸根与铅离子生成在较大的pH值范围内稳定存在的磷酸铅类化合物,特别是Pb_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2的形成有利于提高污染土壤中铅的稳定性。     

竹炭固定床-聚氨酯流化床一体化反应器处理生活污水

为解决剩余污泥问题,研制了产泥率少的片状竹炭固定床-聚氨酯切块流化床一体化反应器,在保证流化床高浓度微生物的同时,维持竹炭固定床的好氧,兼性厌氧,以实现污泥的原位分解.试验采用南京林业大学紫湖溪生活污水,COD为140—170 mg·L-1,TP为1—2 mg·L-1,TN为35—45 mg·L-1,氨氮25—30 mg·L-1,SS为35—40 mg·L-1.反应器在第30 d启动成功.稳定的运行结果显示,水力停留时间为10 h时,反应器对有机物的去除效果较好,出水中COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度分别为19 mg·L-1、7 mg·L-1、0.47 mg·L-1、4.5 mg·L-1,去除率达到87%、76%、72%、84%,出水中各指标均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B排放标准.经竹炭固定床处理的出水SS浓度很低,长期维持在14 mg·L-1左右,二沉池出水中的SS平均浓度为12.7 mg·L-1,整个反应器对二沉池依赖性较小.     

根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿修复钼污染土壤的强化作用研究

采用温室盆栽试验方法,通过设置4个处理组(M:紫花苜蓿; R_1:根瘤菌(土壤质量的4%); MR_1:根瘤菌R_1+紫花苜蓿; MR_2:根瘤菌R_2(土壤质量的10%)+紫花苜蓿)和一个土壤对照组(CK)对比研究了根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿富集土壤中钼(Mo)的强化作用.结果表明, Mo污染下(500 mg·kg~(-1))根瘤菌促进了紫花苜蓿的生长及其钼富集能力,土壤钼转运系数(TA)和富集因子(BCF)与对照组相比分别提高了30.54%～38.94%及17.45%～19.16%.与对照组相比,各处理组均降低了土壤中钼的含量(0.23%～2.35%),其中根瘤菌紫花苜蓿组合系统修复后的土壤中.钼剩余含量较对照组降低了1.89%～2.35%.根瘤菌一方面促进了重金属钼由水溶态向中间过渡态的转变(0.07%～0.43%),有利于紫花苜蓿对钼的生物富集,同时增大了土壤残渣态钼的比例(0.06%～1.60%),降低了钼对紫花苜蓿的生物毒性.各处理组均提高了钼胁迫下土壤微生物的数量,增强了土壤酶活性.根瘤菌与紫花苜蓿组合修复系统不仅能有效降低土壤重金属钼含量,而且还可以促进土壤微生物生态功能的多样性.因此,该修复技术在重金属钼污染土壤修复工程中具有一定的应用潜力.     

嘉兴市大气污染特征及区域传输影响研究

对嘉兴市2013—2017年的大气污染特征进行了分析,同时研究了区域传输对其PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2和SO_2的影响和嘉兴市O_3生成的主要原因。结果表明,自2013年以来嘉兴市PM2.5逐年下降,重度污染及以上天数逐年减少,环境空气质量总体呈逐年好转趋势。截至2017年,PM_(10)、NO_2、SO_2和CO均已达到《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)二级标准,但PM_(2.5)和O_3仍未达标。2017年,周边地区(苏州市、湖州市、上海市、杭州市、绍兴市和宁波市)对嘉兴市PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2和SO_2的传输贡献分别为36.2%、31.9%、25.6%、26.7%,季节差异较大,建议根据区域传输的季节性变化,制定针对性的联防联控措施。嘉兴市O3污染主要受挥发性有机物(VOCs)控制,应重点控制VOCs排放,辅以控制NO_x排放。     

Preparation of porous mullite ceramic supports from high alumina fly ash

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With the aid of dry pressing method, porous mullite ceramic supports were prepared successfully using desiliconized high alumina fly ash as main...