Low-frequency variability of storms in the northern Black Sea and associated processes in the ocean–atmosphere system

Monthly anomalies of stormy wind–wave heights and return periods are evaluated using secular routine observations in the coastal zone of the northern Black Sea. It is shown that wind–wave anomalies in this region are characterized by high-amplitude quasi-periodical variability with typical timescale of about 50 years. This timescale is determined by temporal variability of the coupled ocean–atmosphere system and coincides with periodicity of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Atmospheric re-analysis data show that cyclonic activity over the Black Sea basin intensifies when North Atlantic is relatively cold and meridional forms of atmospheric circulation are more frequent in the North Atlantic-Eurasian region. This leads to generation of more frequent Black Sea storm events and enhanced recurrence of extreme waves and results in profound (and mostly negative) environmental consequences. When North Atlantic is relatively warm and meridional forms of atmospheric circulation are less frequent in the North Atlantic-Eurasian region, environmental conditions in the Black Sea region are calmer. Thus, statistics of dangerous events can be wrongly estimated even if relatively long-term (~30 years) time series are considered and interdecadal variability of wind–wave anomalies must be taken into account when the risk assessment is accomplished.     

富里酸对重金属在沉积物上吸附及形态分布的影响

以连续碱提取法获得的乌梁素海沉积物中的富里酸为基础,以原状沉积物和去除有机质沉积物为吸附剂,开展了富里酸对重金属在沉积物上吸附行为和形态分布的影响实验研究.结果表明,有机质的去除和富里酸的添加对沉积物吸附重金属均有一定影响;未添加富里酸条件下,有机质的去除对Cu~(2+)影响最大,可导致沉积物对Cu~(2+)的吸附率下降17.85%;随富里酸添加量的增加,2种沉积物对重金属离子的吸附率均逐渐降低,下降速率表现为Cu~(2+)?Cd~(2+)Zn~(2+)Pb~(2+);当富里酸添加量超过5%时,富里酸逐渐成为影响重金属离子吸附率下降的主导因素;随富里酸添加量的增加,原状沉积物和去除有机质沉积物中重金属的形态分布均有明显变化,添加富里酸增加了体系中H~+的浓度,H~+能够置换碳酸盐结合态金属,使碳酸盐结合态金属从沉积物中释放出来,从而导致重金属的碳酸盐结合态与富里酸添加量呈显著负相关,重金属的有机硫化物结合态含量与富里酸添加量呈显著正相关,Cd因亲有机性较弱,其有机硫化物结合态的含量最低且变化幅度最小.     

40.5kV真空灭弧室内部电场强度分布的仿真分析

40.5 kV/2.5 kA/63 kA真空灭弧室作为363 kV/5 kA/63 kA快速断路器串联模块的子单元,研究其内部电场强度分布以确保其绝缘性能,对于整套快速断路器装置的安全可靠运行尤为重要。根据实际参数搭建了40.5 kV真空灭弧室的基本模型,利用Ansoft 有限元计算仿真软件搭建了40.5 kV真空灭弧室的仿真模型,进行了电场强度分布的仿真计算,得到了灭弧室中的动触头台阶倒角区域、动触头倒角区域、静触头台阶倒角区域、静触头倒角区域的电场强度最大,最有可能发生击穿的结论。提出了通过改变台阶倒角和触头倒角以改善电场分布进行优化设计的建议,并利用Ansoft 仿真软件进行改变台阶倒角值和触头倒角值后的仿真计算,得到了触头台阶处倒角取值2mm、动静触头倒角2mm或3mm的设计较优,只设置1个触头片时触头倒角取值3 mm设计较优。     

山西关帝山神尾沟植物群落物种多样性与环境关系的研究I．丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数

以89个植物群落调查样地数据为基础,运用8个多样性指数对山西关帝山神尾沟物种多样性与环境之间的关系进行了分析.（1）群落总的表现为多样性和均匀度随海拔升高而下降,丰富度从1700m下降到2400m后开始升高;（2）群落不同层次表现为乔木层和灌木层多样性、丰富度和均匀度随海拔升高而下降,草本多样性和均匀度表现为上升趋势,丰富度下降到1900m后开始上升;（3）乔灌草三者多样性和丰富度指数值以及变化幅度都表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,三者均匀度相差不大;（4）群落不同坡向表现为阳坡多样性和丰富度都大于阴坡,均匀度相差不大.图6参7     

Coal fly ash utilization: low temperature sintering of wall tiles

We present here a study of the sintering of fly ash and its mixture with low alkali pyrophyllite in the presence of sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP), a complex activator of sintering, for the purpose of wall tile manufacturing. The sintering of fly ash with SHMP in the temperature range 925-1050 degrees C produces tiles with low impact strength; however, the incremental addition of low alkali pyrophyllite improves impact strength. The impact strength of composites with 40% (w/w) pyrophyllite in the fly ash-pyrophyllite mix satisfies the acceptable limit (19.6J/m) set by the Indian Standards Institute for wall tiles. Increasing the pyrophyllite content results in an increase in the apparent density of tiles, while shrinkage and water absorption decrease. The strength of fly ash tiles is attributed to the formation of a silicophosphate phase; in pyrophyllite rich tiles, it is attributed to the formation of a tridymite-structured T-AlPO(4) phase. Scanning electron micrographs show that the reinforcing rod shaped T-AlPO(4) crystals become more prominent as the pyrophyllite content increases in the sintered tiles.