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Kotaro Minomo Nobutoshi Ohtsuka Kiyoshi Nojiri Yasundo Kurata Masafumi Karaushi Yugo Isobe 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):73-81
In this study, we propose an analytical method to determine the fourteen of azaarenes present in flue gas samples collected
according to Japanese Industrial Standard K 0311, which designates the method for the determination of dioxins in flue gas.
Azaarenes can be analyzed using the acidic water phase after shaking extraction with dichloromethane, which is unnecessary
for dioxin analysis. Flue gas samples were obtained from 24 waste incinerators in Japan, and azaarenes were detected in all
the flue gas samples (0.21–3800 μg/m3
N). The most abundant of the detected compounds were quinoline and isoquinoline. The concentration of azaarenes had a tendency
to increase with that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The isomer distribution of heptachloro-dibenzofurans (HpCDFs) was calculated using the computed
Gibbs energy of formation (ΔG
f
) obtained by the semiempirical molecular orbital method at various temperatures. The calculated isomer distribution was fitted
to the measured value of HpCDFs. It seems that the temperature obtained from the fitting calculations is an indicator of the
cooling capacity of the combustion gas in an incinerator. The computed ΔG
f
also explained the measured isomer distributions of azaarenes. It is suggested that the isomer distribution of azaarenes
in the combustion process is thermodynamically controlled.
This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis, and Emission Control,
2006, Kyoto 相似文献
2.
Yasundo?KurataEmail author Yusaku?Ono Yoshiro?Ono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):144-152
The concentrations of 41 phenols in leachates from 38 municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites in Japan were measured. The
main phenols detected in leachates were phenol, three cresols, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol
A, and some chlorophenols. The concentration levels of phenols were affected by the pH values of the leachates and the different
types of landfill waste. The origins of phenol and p-cresol were considered to be incineration residues, and the major origin of 4-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
was considered to be solidified fly ash. In contrast, the major origins of 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were considered
to be incombustibles. The discharge of leachates to the environment around MSW landfill sites without water treatment facilities
can cause environmental pollution by phenols. In particular, the disposal of incineration residues including solidified fly
ash and the codisposal of solidified fly ash and incombustibles might raise the possibility of environmental pollution. Moreover,
the discharge of leachates at pH values of 9.8 or more could pollute the water environment with phenol. However, phenol, 4-nonylphenol,
and bisphenol A can be removed to below the con centration levels that impact the environment around landfill sites by a series
of conventional water treatment processes. 相似文献
3.
Investigation of 1,4-dioxane originating from incineration residues produced by incineration of municipal solid waste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fujiwara T Tamada T Kurata Y Ono Y Kose T Ono Y Nishimura F Ohtoshi K 《Chemosphere》2008,71(5):894-901
As a groundwater contaminant, 1,4-dioxane is of considerable concern because of its toxicity, refractory nature to degradation, and rapid migration within an aquifer. Although landfill leachate has been reported to contain significant levels of 1,4-dioxane, the origin of 1,4-dioxane in leachate has not been clarified until now. In this study, the origins of 1,4-dioxane in landfill leachate were investigated at 38 landfill sites and three incineration plants in Japan. Extremely high levels of 1,4-dioxane 89 and 340 microg l(-1), were detected in leachate from two of the landfill sites sampled. Assessments of leachate and measurement of 1,4-dioxane in incineration residues revealed the most likely source of 1,4-dioxane in the leachate to be the fly ash produced by municipal solid waste incinerators. Effective removal of 1,4-dioxane in leachate from fly ash was achieved using heating dechlorination systems. Rapid leaching of 1,4-dioxane observed from fly ash in a sequential batch extraction indicated that the incorporation of a waste washing process could also be effective for the removal of 1,4-dioxane in fly ash. 相似文献
4.
Yasundo Kurata Yoichi Watanabe Yusaku Ono Kiyoshi Kawamura 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):38-47
We investigated the concentrations of wood preservatives in the wood chips produced in wood-waste processing facilities in 1988, 1998–1999, and 2001–2002. Among the wood preservatives used in the past in Japan, halophenols, including PCP, chlordane, and chlorpyrifos, had comparatively high detection rates and high average concentrations in the wood chips produced in 2001–2002. Aldrin and endrin were rarely detected, and DDT was already in low concentrations in those wood chips. Although several types of wood preservative were contained in the wood chips, their concentration levels depended on the sources of the wood wastes. In chips produced from wooden pallets, wooden forms for concrete working, or wood discarded from nondemolition sources, no organochlorine wood preservatives were detected, and chlorpyrifos and chlorophenols were detected at one order of magnitude lower than the average concentrations in chips produced from wood wastes discarded in house demolitions. 相似文献
5.
G. Kurata G.R. Carmichael D.G. Streets T. Kitada Y. Tang J.-H. Woo N. Thongboonchoo 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6977
Long-range transport of pollutants influenced by anthropogenic and natural emission sources in East Asia is investigated by using backward trajectory analysis along the NASA TRACE-P flight tracks and a numerical simulation with the three-dimensional chemical transport model (STEM-2k1). Observation-based regional distributions of trace gases are reconstructed using the observations obtained by measurements on board the DC-8 and P3-B aircrafts. Systematic features of the spatial distribution for each species are identified. It is found that the observed concentrations of CO and some NMHCs, and the ratios between these species, are highly associated with the source distribution features and their regional characteristics. Reconstructed fields of the observed and modeled ethane/CO and ethane/propane are found to reproduce well the estimated emission ratios in East Asia. We also investigated the time rate of change of the concentration of species and their ratio along the trajectory. From this analysis the propane/ethane and propane/acetylene ratios are shown to preserve their emission ratios during regional transport. However systematic differences in the propane vs. acetylene/CO relationships are found between the model and observation values. This analysis suggests that further efforts are needed to improve the estimates of biomass burning emissions in SE Asia. The results presented in this paper also suggest ways to further extend the capabilities to derive observation-based inventories. 相似文献
6.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Takeshi Fujiwara Masato Kurata Tetsuo Kimura 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):931-940
Abstract The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20–30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
7.
Takaoka M Takeda N Fujiwara T Kurata M Kimura T 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(8):931-940
The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20-30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
8.
Masanao Nagamori Youichi Watanabe Takahito Hase Yasundo Kurata Yusaku Ono Kiyoshi Kawamura 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):90-98
To facilitate field surveys for identifying areas of incineration residue-derived soil contamination, a simple and convenient
method with a soil electrical conductivity meter was examined. First, the leaching test specified by Notification No. 13 of
the Ministry of the Environment, 1973, was conducted on 506 samples of 11 types of wastes and compost, and the relationship
between the concentrations of toxic elements [total Hg (T-Hg), Cd, Pb, Cr6+, and As] and values of electrical conductivity (EC) was examined. The results showed that bottom ash and fly ash were wastes
with high EC values and that these wastes indicated higher levels of toxic elements. Second, an estimation method for the
soil EC value of contaminated soil (ECc) was proposed based on the EC values of noncontaminated soil, and its usefulness was
examined. The results of field surveys conducted at sites whose soils were suspected of contamination by dioxins and other
pollutants derived from incineration residues showed that the contaminated spots and areas were identified by using ECc values.
Moreover, comparison of the elemental contents of soils in terms of Cr, Ni, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and others, in addition
to the above-mentioned toxic elements (excluding Cr6+), with those of the potential sources of pollution was verified to be effective for identifying the source of soil contamination. 相似文献
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