Fabrication and characterization of lightweight aggregate prepared from steel mill sludge in one step

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The qualified green lightweight aggregate (LWA) was successfully prepared from steel mill sludge (SMS) and fly ash (FAS) in one step using the...     

铅蓄电池企业废气中铅及其化合物便携式XRF检测方法

在企业污染源现场实现污染物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查,对生态环境管理部门提高执法效率、企业提高环境管理水平意义重大。铅是一种对人体危害极大的有毒重金属,目前缺少含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式直读检测设备和检测方法。探索性地将X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法应用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式快速、直读检测。研究结果表明,基于XRF的面密度法适用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气处理设施后铅及其化合物的快速、直读检测,相对国标方法具有快速、直读、对样品无损、便于复测等特点,可用于铅及其化合物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查。     

伊逊河春汛期水质波动原因解析

为探究伊逊河春汛期水质波动的主要原因,分别于2020年12月和2021年3月对伊逊河流域进行采样调查,在水环境因子时空特征分析的基础上,使用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析、荧光特征分析和Spearman秩相关分析,解析水体污染物的荧光特性和来源特征。结果表明：伊逊河春汛期水质明显恶化,Ⅴ类及劣Ⅴ类水体占比由14.29%升至88.24%,主要超标因子为COD_Cr、TP和COD_Mn;水体溶解性有机物（DOM）识别出3种荧光组分〔UVC类腐殖质（C1）、UVA类腐殖质（C2）和类色氨酸（C3）〕,类腐殖质总贡献率接近80%;冰封期和春汛期各采样点位水体溶解性有机物的荧光指数（FI）分别为1.65~1.88和1.49~1.75,自生源指数（BIX）分别为0.76~1.31和0.65~0.99,腐殖化指数（HIX）分别为0.10~7.00和0.40~6.00;春汛期伊逊河水体DOM表现出更强的腐殖性和较弱的近期自生源特性,陆源贡献比例显著提高;荧光参数FI、BIX与DOC、TP、COD_Cr和COD_Mn等水质参数呈显著负相关（R>0.6,P<0.01）,春汛期水体DOC、TP等污染物浓度升高主要受高腐殖质背景、水土流失及农业面源污染的影响。

     

溶胶-凝胶工艺制备掺铅TiO_2纳米薄膜及其光催化性能的研究

通过ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的掺铅和未掺铅ＴｉＯ２纳米薄膜；在宏观上，膜层表面光滑平整；在微观上，ＴｉＯ２薄膜由ＴｉＯ２球形颗粒组成，其颗粒大小在５０～１５０ｎｍ范围内。掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃在紫外光附近的透光率明显小于未掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃的透光率，这说明掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃对紫外光具有明显的吸收。敌敌畏水溶液的光摧化降解实验表明，掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃对有机磷农药的光解率明显高于未掺铅ＴｉＯ２镀膜玻璃的光解率。这为进一步提高ＴｉＯ２的光催化效率开辟了新的途径。     

Sensitivity of ozone concentrations to diurnal variations of surface emissions in Mexico City: A WRF/Chem modeling study

Sensitivity of ozone (O₃) concentrations in the Mexico City area to diurnal variations of surface air pollutant emissions is investigated using the WRF/Chem model. Our analysis shows that diurnal variations of nitrogen oxides (NO_x = NO + NO₂) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions play an important role in controlling the O₃ concentrations in the Mexico City area. The contributions of NO_x and VOC emissions to daytime O₃ concentrations are very sensitive to the morning emissions of NO_x and VOCs. Increase in morning NO_x emissions leads to decrease in daytime O₃ concentrations as well as the afternoon O₃ maximum, while increase in morning VOC emissions tends to increase in O₃ concentrations in late morning and early afternoon, indicating that O₃ production in Mexico City is under VOC-limited regime. It is also found that the nighttime O₃ is independent of VOCs, but is sensitive to NO_x. The emissions of VOCs during other periods (early morning, evening, and night) have only small impacts on O₃ concentrations, while the emissions of NO_x have important impacts on O₃ concentrations in the evening and the early morning.This study suggests that shifting emission pattern, while keeping the total emissions unchanged, has important impacts on air quality. For example, delaying the morning emission peak from 8 am to 10 am significantly reduced the morning peaks of NO_x and VOCs, as well as the afternoon O₃ maxima. It suggests that without reduction of total emission, the daytime O₃ concentrations can be significantly reduced by changing the diurnal variations of the emissions of O₃ precursors.     

七虎林河流域上游溶解性有机质光谱特性分析

七虎林河源头区地表腐殖质随着径流的冲刷进入水体,形成了天然有机质(NOM),其中,溶解性有机质(DOM)易对河流水质造成影响。为了研究七虎林河中DOM的时空分布特征及其对水质的影响,开展了6次采样,分析了水体及土壤吸收光谱和荧光光谱特征参数,利用平行因子(PARAFAC)算法解析了水体DOM的特性及来源。结果表明：七虎林河上游水体五日生化需氧量(BOD₅)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、化学需氧量(COD)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)的浓度分别为1.4 mg/L±0.2 mg/L、6.1 mg/L±3.0 mg/L、21 mg/L±8 mg/L、7.0 mg/L±3.2 mg/L,BOD₅/COD平均值为0.08,说明流域内水体DOM的可生化性差,对水质影响较小。光谱特征参数紫外吸收系数(SUVA₂₅₄)、荧光指数(FI)、腐殖化指数(HIX)、生物源指数(BIX)分析结果表明,七虎林河上游云山水库库上林区河段DOM的物质组成与水库及库下河段差异显著。库上河段DOM的芳香碳含量更高、分子量更大、自生源组分...     

氧化还原修复重金属污染土壤的文献计量学分析

基于Web of Science和中国知网(CNKI)的数据源,选择对应数据库、设定年限,检索相关文献和专利,运用文献计量学方法,并借助Origin、Excel等绘图制表工具对数据结果进行了统计、分析和对比,比较直观地展现出重金属污染土壤氧化还原修复技术的总体情况、国内外发展现状和趋势、国内外发展差距,并从关键词的发展演替角度分析研究热点与方向,为氧化还原修复技术相关学科发展与研究等提供决策参考。     

Association of selenium,arsenic, and other trace elements in drinking water and urine in residents of the plateau region in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Drinking water is considered to be&nbsp;an important exposure pathway for humans to ingest trace elements; human urine samples are widely accepted...