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1 IntroductionGuizhouProvinceislocatedinsouthwestChinawithatotalareaof 176.2 8thousandsquarekilometers,ofwhich 87%ismountain ,10 %ishills,3%isriver,basinandplain .Guizhouisamountainousprovincewithrichmineralresources,amongwhichmercuryreserveranksfirstinChina,eveni… 相似文献
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Yafei Liu Zhimin Li Emily Floess You Zhang Nicholas Lam Sylvester K.Mawusi Prabin Shrestha Xinghua Li Chunyu Xue Guangqing Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,(5):295-307
Straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and raw coal in rural China.However,the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well evaluated.In this?eld study,emission characteristics of burning straw pellets,raw coal,and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoves were investigated in a pilot village in Northeast China.Emission measurements covering the whole combustion cycle (ignition,?aming,and smoldering phases) shows th... 相似文献
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Yan You Can Niu Jian Zhou Yating Liu Zhipeng Bai Jiefeng Zhang Fei He Nan Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(4):657-664
A new air exchange rate (AER) monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1-10.0 hr-1). AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved: duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-1 in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr??1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15. 相似文献
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以‘早熟5号’大白菜(Beassica pekinensis L.)为试材,采用土施和叶面喷施三聚氰胺方式,观察并测定相关指标.结果表明,三聚氰胺在土壤中可发生缓慢降解,90 d后不同浓度处理(40、160和800 mg.kg-1)的土壤中三聚氰胺均有残留,分别残留21.1%、15.8%和43.6%.三聚氰胺处理浓度越高,大白菜吸收的量越大.土施试验,根中最高和最低含量分别为105.7和8.0 mg.kg-1,茎叶中为139.9和7.1 mg.kg-1,根吸收三聚氰胺后,可将其转运到地上部的茎叶中;叶面喷施试验,根中最高和最低含量分别为4.3和0.9 mg.kg-1,茎叶中为8.5和3.2 mg.kg-1.土施40 mg.kg-1三聚氰胺可增产9.8%,土施800mg.kg-1三聚氰胺减产15.9%,土施可增加叶绿素和可溶性糖含量,降低维生素C含量,叶面喷施三聚氰胺对大白菜的生长影响较小.三聚氰胺在土壤中的残留时间长,大白菜可通过根和茎叶吸收三聚氰胺,三聚氰胺可影响大白菜的生长状况. 相似文献
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The traditional approach for predicting the risk of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediment is to relate organic carbon normalized sediment concentrations to body residues or toxic effects to organisms. However, due to the multiple variables controlling bioavailability, this method has limitations. A matrix independent method of predicting bioavailability needs to be used in order to be universally applicable. Both chemical activity (freely dissolved chemical concentrations) measured by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and bioaccessibility (rapidly desorbing fraction) estimated by Tenax extraction have been developed to predict bioavailability of sediment-associated HOCs. The objectives of this review are to summarize a number of studies using matrix-SPME or Tenax extraction to estimate bioavailability and/or toxicity of different classes of HOCs and evaluate the strengths and weakness of these two techniques. Although the two chemical techniques assess different components of the matrix, estimates obtained from both techniques have been correlated to organism body residues. The advantages of SPME fibers are their applicability for use in situ and their potential usage for a wide array of contaminants by selection of appropriate coatings. Single time-point Tenax extraction, however, is more time- and labor-effective. Tenax extraction also has lower detection limits, making it more applicable for highly toxic contaminants. This review also calls for additional research to evaluate the role of sequestrated contaminants and ingestion of sediment particles by organisms on HOC bioavailability. The use of performance reference compounds to reduce SPME sampling time and linking chemical based bioavailability estimates to toxicological endpoints are essential to expand the applications of these methods. 相似文献
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Short-range transport of contaminants released from e-waste recycling site in South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The transport behaviors of a suite of contaminants released from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling operations, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals, were evaluated by analyzing the contaminant residues in surface soils sampled in the surrounding area of an e-waste recycling site in South China. Concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs in the soil samples ranged from 0.565 to 2908 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.267 to 1891 ng g(-1) dw, respectively, while soil residues were 0.082-2.56, 3.22-287, and 16.3-162 μg g(-1) dw for Cd, Cu, and Pb, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs in soil decreased with increasing distance from the source of pollution, indicating possible PBDE and PCB contamination in the surrounding areas due to the short-range transport of these compounds from the e-waste recycling site. Although no significant difference in the short-range transport potential among PBDE and PCB congeners was observed, reductions in concentrations of the highly-brominated-BDEs and highly-chlorinated-CBs were slightly quicker than those of their less-halogen-substituted counterparts. Conversely, heavy metals showed the lowest transport potential due to their low vapor pressure, and results showed metals would remain near the pollution source instead of diffusing into the surrounding areas. Finally, mass inventories in areas near the e-waste site were 0.920, 0.134, 0.860, 4.68, 757, and 673 tons for BDE209, PBDEs (excluding BDE209), PCBs, Cd, Cu, and Pb, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Qinghui Sun Juan Li Chen Wang Anqi Chen Yanli You Shupeng Yang Huihui Liu Guibin Jiang Yongning Wu Yanshen Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(1):1
10.
Xuemei Hu Shijie You Fang Li Yanbiao Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(4):48