浅谈生态县城的环境建设

县城是一个县文明进步和社会活动的主要舞台。今天居住在县城里的居民在享受物质文明所带来的方便与舒适的同时，也饱尝了许许多多的困扰，比如建筑密度大，采光通风欠佳；自然植被退化，扬尘增多；开敞空间减少，缺乏休息场所等等。总之，在许多方面，人们对自己亲手建设起来的县城居住环境还不尽满意。因此，重新审视原来的城市发展观和价值系统，在今后县城的扩展与改造中，充分考虑与自然环境的协调共生关系，按照生态学原理，遵循保护环境和节约资源法则进行建设，使县城成为可持续发展县域经济的中心和策源地具有十分重要的意义。 规…     

苯醌对聚合硅酸铁多相UV-Fenton体系的增效机制

通过构建苯醌增效聚合硅酸铁多相UV-Fenton体系,讨论了体系中橙Ⅱ的脱色和降解途径.在研究苯醌浓度对聚合硅酸铁铁离子的释放、Fe²⁺与Fe³⁺之间的转化、H₂O₂分解和·OH生成影响的基础上,提出了苯醌对聚合硅酸铁多相UV-Fenton体系的增效机制.结果表明,随苯醌浓度的增加,其紫外光下光解还原聚合硅酸铁并释放Fe²⁺的程度增大、H₂O₂分解速度加快、产生·OH浓度峰值增高且出现的时间提前;苯醌增效体系释放于溶液中的Fe²⁺可以通过Fenton反应转化成Fe³⁺,反应结束后聚合硅酸铁能重新吸附Fe³⁺并使其浓度降低,避免了增效体系铁离子的二次污染.本研究将为多相催化剂催化过程的调控提供新的视角,为多相光助-芬顿反应在有机废水资源化中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持.     

Quantification of protein adducts of hexahydrophthalic anhydride and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride in human plasma

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) are two highly allergenic compounds used in the chemical industry. A method was developed for quantification of protein adducts of HHPA and MHHPA in human plasma. The plasma was dialysed and the anhydrides were hydrolysed from the proteins at mild acidic conditions. The released hexahydrophthalic acid (HHP acid) and methylhexahydrophthalic acid (MHHP acid) were purified by reversed solid phase extraction followed by derivatisation with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The derivatives were analysed using GC-MS in negative ion chemical ionisation mode with ammonia as moderating gas. As internal standards, deuterium labelled HHP and MHHP acids were used. The detection limits were 0.06 pmol mL(-1) plasma for HHP acid and 0.03 pmol mL(-1) plasma for MHHP acid. The between-day precisions for HHP acid were 18% at 0.3 pmol mL(-1) and 8% at 4 pmol mL(-1). For MHHP acid, the precisions were 13% at 0.3 pmol mL(-1) and 9% at 4 pmol mL(-1). There were strong correlations (r=0.94 for HHPA and 0.99 for MHHPA) between total plasma protein adduct concentrations and serum albumin adduct levels. Workers exposed to time-weighted average air levels of HHPA between < 1 and 340 microg m(-3) and between 2 and 160 microg m(-3) for MHHPA had plasma adduct levels between the detection limits of the methods and 8.40 and 19.0 pmol mL(-1), respectively.     

Development and validation of methods for environmental monitoring of cyclophosphamide in workplaces

Methods to monitor contamination of workplaces with antineoplastic drugs have been developed and validated. Cyclophosphamide (CP) was used as a model compound as it is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs. A wipe sampling method to detect contamination with CP at surfaces was developed. A personal air sampling method to sample gas and vapour on solid sorbent tubes and particles with filters was also developed. Wipe and filter samples were extracted and sorbent samples were eluted, all with ethyl acetate. The samples were analysed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. (2)H(6)-labelled cyclophosphamide was used as an internal standard. The between-day precision was 2-5% for wipe samples, 4-6% for sorbent samples and 3-8% for filter samples. The limit of detection was 0.02 ng CP per sample for the wipe and filter methods and 0.03 ng CP per sample for the solid sorbent method. Wipe sampling on surfaces made of different materials resulted in mean recoveries between 78-106%. The desorption recovery was between 97-102% for the wipe samples, 97% for the sorbent samples and 101% for the filter samples. Samples were stable for up to 2 months at 5 degrees C and -20 degrees C and for about 2 d at room temperature. The developed methods were applied to the measurement of contamination with CP in a hospital pharmacy. Trace amounts of CP, 1.3 and 1.4 ng, were detected on surfaces in the pharmacy.     

论中国环境监测发展战略

介绍了中国环境监测的发展历程,分析了中国环境监测发展面临的压力,提出了中国环境监测的发展战略和实现战略目标的保障措施.     

上海市电动自行车废铅酸电池现状分析及管理对策

分析了上海市电动自行车废铅酸电池产生、回收、处置的现状。阐述了废铅酸电池因不规范回收处置而对环境造成的污染。从产生、处置及管理等方面指出了电动自行车废铅酸电池收集利用体系中存在的问题。提出了上海市管理废铅酸电池的对策、建议。     

有害气体监测报警仪——一种从国外引进并返销国外的装置

上海电光器件厂从美国引进专利技术生产的一系列有害气体监测报警仪,能分别监测空气中CO、H_2S、SO_2、NO、NO_2、Cl_2、HCl、HCN等有害气体的污染情况,其最小检测度可达0.01ppm,最大测量量程可达3000ppm。可分别适用于大气、车间环境监测、作业场所人身安全防护、污染源调查等项工作。机内装有声、光报警装置,可任意设置报警点,达到按需报警的目的。考虑到不同的使用场所,系列产品中既有体积小(165mm×76mm×51mm)重量轻(680g)能随身携带巡回监测的小型便携式     

过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光度法测定水中总氮空白用水的选择

经实验证明，用过硫酸钾氧化——紫外分光光度法测定水样中的总氮，用重蒸馏无氨水、新鲜一次蒸馏水、去离子水测得空白值均符合试验要求，实验者可根据实验室条件选择空白用水，方便实验。同时本文对标准样品进行分析，结果理想。