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1.
Susan Opt Russanne Low 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(2):218-230
Opponents of a proposed sea-level-rise policy in North Carolina, USA, reasoned rhetorically to promote a narrative claiming that the policy supporters’ efforts had failed to meet the criteria of “good” science and the American dream expectancy of “progress.” The critics worked to hinder policy adoption by naming as “villains” scientists who provided research to support the proposed policy. In addition, the opponents named their own efforts to prevent policy based on “bad” science that would “destroy” the American dream as “heroic.” To more effectively respond to such narratives, scientists and policy proponents need to shift away from reporting just climate change “facts” in the attempt to gain stakeholder support for mitigation and adaptation initiatives. They need to move toward reasoning rhetorically to construct narratives that encourage the public to name them as the “heroes” who will achieve the American dream by their actions to mitigate climate-change outcomes. 相似文献
2.
We have determined the activity of alkaline phosphatase in chorionic villous tissue obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy, in order to obtain the normal range of values as a prerequisite for application to the prenatal diagnosis of the rare bone disease hypophosphatasia. The activities found were a combination of intestinal and liver/bone/kidney types; traces of placental type were present in only one sample. 相似文献
3.
Darryl T. Gwynne Winston J. Bailey Amanda Annells 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,42(3):157-162
In katydids such as Kawanaphilanartee, a female bias in the operational sex ratio (OSR) results in female competition for mates and male choice of mates. Previous
work showed that the excess of sexually active females occurs when food availability is low, in part because less food increases
the propensity of females to mate as they forage for the large edible spermatophores produced by males. In this study with
K.nartee, a pollen-feeding species, we estimate natural variation in numbers of sexually active males and females by assessing male
calling activity and the propensity of females to respond to experimental calling males. We found an excess of sexually active
males at a site with many flowers and an excess of sexually active females at a site with few flowers about 900 m away. Between-site
differences in gut masses of calling males were consistent with the hypothesis that pollen availability controls OSR. Finally,
at a third site where flowers were at first scarce, we found that the initial excess in sexually active females changed to
an excess of sexually active males after a clump of grass-trees flowered. The mean gut mass of all sampled males from this
site increased after flowering. The large variation in OSR that we document for K. nartee highlights the importance of identifying the appropriate spatial and temporal scales over which OSRs are measured in studies
of factors controlling sexual selection.
Received: 13 May 1997 / Accepted after revision: 27 October 1997 相似文献
4.
The distribution and enrichment of selected trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) in benthic sediments of the Southport
Broadwater, a semi-enclosed coastal body of water adjacent to the Gold Coast city, south-eastern Queensland, Australia, was
studied with the objective of assessing the extent and degree of sediment contamination. Sediment samples from the 0–10 cm
and 10–20 cm depth intervals of 32 sites within the Southport Broadwater and surrounding residential canals were analysed
for particle size distribution, pH, organic C and ‘near-total’ major (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn) and trace (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn)
metal contents. Sediment contamination for each trace metal was assessed by (1) comparison with Australian sediment quality
guidelines, (2) calculation of the index of geoaccumulation based on regional background values, and (3) geochemical normalisation
against Al (i.e. the abundance of alumino-silicate clay minerals). Based on this approach, the results indicate that submerged
sediments in the study area are not presently enriched with Cd, Cr or Ni, with the spatial distribution of these metals being
very well explained by the abundance of alumino-silicate clay minerals. However, several sites were strongly enriched with
Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn, arising from sources related to either urban runoff or vessel maintenance activities. The study indicates
that several varying approaches are needed for a satisfactory assessment of contaminant enrichment in estuarine sediments. 相似文献
5.
Darryl J. Keith Dave Colton Harry Louft John Lindsay Lance Stewart 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,54(3):259-282
The Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System (URSIS) is a portable spectrometer used for the in situ detection of radioactivity in the marine environment. This paper reports on the first time application of this technology to assess, in a preliminary manner, the potential radiation threat to the public and environment at an aquatic disposal site – the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste Site (IWS). Utilizing the meneuvering capabilities of ROV and manned submersible vehicles, the URSIS was successfully positioned close (5–10 cm) to waste containers for a period sufficient to detect, in real time, the presence of radioactive materials. Spectral data from 45 individual targets indicated that the radionuclides present in sediments which draped or partially buried waste containers were consistent with natural background concentrations. No man-made radionuclides were detected at any of the target or background measurement locations. These data support the conclusion that low-level radiation does not pose an imminent and widespread human health or ecological threat in Massachusetts Bay. 相似文献
6.
Keivan Nemati Nor Kartini Abu Bakar Mhd Radzi Bin Abas Elham Sobhanzadeh Kah Hin Low 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):313-320
A study was carried out to investigate the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in shrimp aquaculture sludge from Selangor, Malaysia, using original (unmodified) and modified four-steps BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference, now known as the Standards Measurements and Testing Program) sequential extraction scheme. Step 2 of the unmodified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method A) involves treatment with 0.1 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 2, whereas 0.5 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 1.5 was used in the modified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method B). Metal analyses were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A pseudo-total aqua-regia digest of BCR CRM 701 has also been undertaken for quality assurance purposes. The recovery of Method A for all metals studied ranges from 96.14% to 105.26%, while the recovery for Method B ranges from 95.94% to 122.40%. Our results reveal that Method A underestimated the proportion of metals bound to the easily reducible fraction except for copper. Therefore, the potential mobility of these elements is higher than others. Thus, to use this sludge as a fertilizer we have to first find a remediation for reduction of heavy metal contamination. 相似文献
7.
Eun Jung Choy Qtae Jo Hyo-Bang Moon Chang-Keun Kang Ju-Chan Kang 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):157-165
The time-course of uptake and elimination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and reproduction damage and reproductive outputs were studied. Sexually immature C. gigas broodstock were fed for 28 days with live algae grown in four BaP solutions of 0, 50, 500, and 5,000 μg L−1 (hereafter, control, 50, 500, and 5,000 oysters) and were subsequently conditioned to maturation by a feeding with BaP-free
live algae under temperature manipulation for another 28 days. The 5,000 μg L−1 oysters gained a steady state concentration, around 30,000 ng g−1 d.w. for digestive gland, a week earlier compared to the 500 μg L−1 oysters. The earlier gain or longer persistence of the steady state concentration influenced elimination of BaP, with an
eliminating trend for 500 μg L−1 oysters, while no elimination for 5,000 μg L−1 oysters. The maternal persistence of the steady state concentration resulted in significant damages in the reproductive success
and their reproductive outputs in terms of the hatching rate and larval growth, survival, and settlement. The 50 μg L−1 oysters remained far below the steady state concentration, and showed a manifest eliminating behavior during the subsequent
BaP-free 28 day maturation period. The reproductive success and initial larval events of 50 μg L−1 oysters were comparable to those of control. However, the damage potential of the 50 μg L−1 oysters might be more significant if their maternal exposure continued beyond 28 days, since the accumulation profile at this
dose was linear. 相似文献
8.
9.
Darryl Randerson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):546-548
Two spectroradiometer measurements are presented to illustrate differences in the spectrum of sunlight in the 0.45–0.7 μ band. Only two spectral observations are presented, one in an apparently clean cloud-free air mass, the other under a heavily polluted air mass. Both observations were taken near Houston, Texas, on 12 November 1968 at about 1800 GMT. A 23% loss in the intensity of light is attributed to attenuation by pollution in the atmosphere. 相似文献
10.
Claudia Ursprung Michelle den Hollander Darryl T. Gwynne 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):781-788
Female seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus, mate multiply even though association with males and copulations carry costs, such as injury to the genital tract. Multiple
mating (polyandry) may, however, offset these costs through the acquisition of food and water, two material benefits hypothesized
to be obtained from the large ejaculates produced by males. The material benefits hypothesis can be tested by increasing female
access to nutrients and water, with the prediction that female mating frequency will decrease as copulation is no longer required
to derive these materials. Females were given water, 5% sugar–water or baker’s yeast, and were compared with females deprived
of these. We presented females with virgin males daily for 8 days and recorded female mating frequency, survivorship, and
fecundity. Females provided with water and sugar–water decreased mating frequency. Thus, water, rather than nutrients in the
ejaculate, appears to be important to females of this species. In addition, both life span and fecundity were extended for
females in the sugar–water and water treatments. Since water is scarce in the arid environment in which this species is found,
we conclude that polyandry provides material benefits to females that may offset some of the costs of associating with males. 相似文献