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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tim S. Nawrot Nino Kuenzli Jordi Sunyer Tingming Shi Teresa Moreno Mar Viana Joachim Heinrich Bertil Forsberg Frank J. Kelly Muhammad Sughis Benoit Nemery Paul Borm 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(30):4595-4602
We assessed the extent to which constituents of PM2.5 (transition metals, sodium, chloride) contribute to the ability to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) in vitro in PM2.5 sampled at 20 locations in 19 European centres participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. PM2.5 samples (n = 716) were collected on filters over one year and the oxidative activity of particle suspensions obtained from these filters was then assessed by measuring their ability to generate OH in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Associations between OH formation and the studied PM constituents were heterogeneous. The total explained variance ranged from 85% in Norwich to only 6% in Albacete. Among the 20 centres, 15 showed positive correlations between one or more of the measured transition metals (copper, iron, manganese, lead, vanadium and titanium) and OH formation. In 9 of 20 centres OH formation was negatively associated with chloride, and in 3 centres with sodium. Across 19 European cities, elements which explained the largest variations in OH formation were chloride, iron and sodium. 相似文献
2.
Gilles Billen Sabine Barles Josette Garnier Joséphine Rouillard Paul Benoit 《Regional Environmental Change》2009,9(1):13-24
Between the tenth and twentieth century the population of Paris city increased from a few thousand to near 10 million inhabitants.
In response to the growing urban demand during this period, the agrarian systems of the surrounding rural areas tremendously
increased their potential for commercial export of agricultural products, made possible by a surplus of agricultural production
over local consumption by humans and livestock in these areas. Expressed in terms of nitrogen, the potential for export increased
from about 60 kg N/km2/year of rural territory in the Middle Ages, to more than 5,000 kg N/km2/year from modern agriculture.
As a result of the balance between urban population growth and rural productivity, the rural area required to supply Paris
(i.e. its food-print) did not change substantially for several centuries, remaining at the size of the Seine watershed surrounding
the city (around 60,000 km2). The theoretical estimate of the size of the supplying hinterland at the end of the eighteenth
century is confirmed by the figures deduced from the analysis of the historical city toll data (octroi). During the second
half of the twentieth century, the ‘food-print’ of Paris reduced in size, owing to an unprecedented increase in the potential
for commercial export associated with modern agricultural systems based on chemical N fertilization. We argue that analysing
the capacity of territories to satisfy the demand for nitrogen-containing food products of local or distant urban population
and markets might provide new and useful insights when assessing world food resource allocation in the context of increasing
population and urbanization. 相似文献
3.
Pollution and Capital Markets in Developing Countries 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Susmita Dasgupta Benoit Laplante Nlandu Mamingi 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2001,42(3):310
It is said that firms in developing countries do not have incentives to invest in pollution control because of weak implementation of environmental regulations. This argument assumes that the regulator is the only agent that can create incentives for pollution control, and ignores that capital markets, if properly informed, may provide the appropriate financial and reputational incentives. We show that capital markets in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and the Philippines do react to announcements of environmental events, such as those of superior environmental performance or citizens' complaints. A policy implication is that environmental regulators in developing countries may explicitly harness those market forces by introducing structured programs of information release pertaining to firms' environmental performance: public disclosure mechanisms in developing countries may be a useful model to consider given limited government enforcement resources. 相似文献
4.
Benoit Lebreton Pierre Richard Robert Galois Gilles Radenac Amel Brahmia Géraldine Colli Marig Grouazel Cyril André Ga?l Guillou Gérard F. Blanchard 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1537-1550
In an intertidal Zostera noltii Hornem seagrass bed, food sources used by sediment meiofauna were determined seasonally by comparing stable isotope signatures (δ13C, δ15N) of sources with those of nematodes and copepods. Proportions of different carbon sources used by consumers were estimated using the SIAR mixing model on δ13C values. Contrary to δ15N values, food source mean δ13C values encompassed a large range, from −22.1 ‰ (suspended particulate organic matter) to −10.0 ‰ (Z. noltii roots). δ13C values of copepods (from −22.3 to −12.3 ‰) showed that they use many food sources (benthic and phytoplanktonic microalgae, Z. noltii matter). Nematode δ13C values ranged from −14.6 to −11.4 ‰, indicating a strong role of microphytobenthos and/or Z. noltii matter as carbon sources. The difference of food source uses between copepods and nematodes is discussed in light of source accessibility and availability. 相似文献
5.
Alletto L Benoit P Bergheaud V Coquet Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):678-688
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature and water pressure head on the degradation of the diketonitrile metabolite (DKN) of isoxaflutole during 84 d in samples collected in a loamy soil under conventional (CT) and conservation (MT) tillage systems. Soil temperature was the major factor controlling DKN degradation in the two tillage systems. The shortest half-lives (T1/2) were measured in the seedbed samples under MT at 25 °C and −33 cm water pressure head. We found that mouldboard ploughing under CT was responsible for the spatial variability of herbicide degradation properties, whereas under MT herbicide degradation was associated to the vertical distribution of organic matter. 相似文献
6.
Fish mercury increase in Lago Manso, a new hydroelectric reservoir in tropical Brazil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hylander LD Gröhn J Tropp M Vikström A Wolpher H de Castro E Silva E Meili M Oliveira LJ 《Journal of environmental management》2006,81(2):155-166
It has been frequently demonstrated that mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish rise in newly constructed hydroelectric reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere. In the present work, we studied whether similar effects take place also in a tropical upland reservoir during impoundment and discuss possible causes and implications. Total Hg concentrations in fish and several soil and water parameters were determined before and after flooding at Rio Manso hydroelectric power plant in western Brazil. The Hg concentrations in soil and sediment were within the background levels in the region (22-35 ng g(-1) dry weight). There was a strong positive correlation between Hg and carbon and sulphur in sediment. Predatory fish had total Hg concentrations ranging between 70 and 210 ng g(-1) f.w. 7 years before flooding and between 72 and 755 ng g(-1) f.w. during flooding, but increased to between 216 and 938 ng g(-1) f.w. in the piscivorous and carnivorous species Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, cachara, and Salminus brasiliensis, dourado, 3 years after flooding. At the same time, concentrations of organic carbon in the water increased and oxygen concentrations decreased, indicating increased decomposition and anoxia as contributing to the increased Hg concentrations in fish. The present fish Hg concentrations in commonly consumed piscivorous species are a threat to the health of the population dependent on fishing in the dam and downstream river for sustenance. Mercury exposure can be reduced by following fish consumption recommendations until fish Hg concentrations decrease to a safe level. 相似文献
7.
Sequential removal of heavy metals ions and organic pollutants using an algal-bacterial consortium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The residual algal-bacterial biomass from photosynthetically supported, organic pollutant biodegradation processes, in enclosed photobioreactors, was tested for its ability to accumulate Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). Salicylate was chosen as a model contaminant. The algal-bacterial biomass combined the high adsorption capacity of microalgae with the low cost of the residual biomass, which makes it an attractive biosorbent for environmental applications. Cu(II) was preferentially taken-up from the medium when the metals were present both separately and in combination. There was no observed competition for adsorption sites, which suggested that Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) bind to different sites and that active Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) binding groups were present at very low concentrations. Therefore, special focus was given to Cu(II) biosorption. Cu(II) biosorption by the algal-bacterial biomass was characterized by an initial fast cell surface adsorption followed by a slower metabolically driven uptake. pH, Cu(II), and algal-bacterial concentration significantly affected the biosorption capacity for Cu(II). Maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacities of 8.5+/-0.4 mg g-1 were achieved at an initial Cu(II) concentration of 20 mg l-1 and at pH 5 for the tested algal-bacterial biomass. These are consistent with values reported for other microbial sorbents under similar conditions. The desorption of Cu(II) from saturated biomass was feasible by elution with a 0.0125 M HCl solution. Simultaneous Cu(II) and salicylate removal in a continuous stirred tank photobioreactor was not feasible due to the high toxicity of Cu(II) towards the microbial culture. The introduction of an adsorption column, packed with the algal-bacterial biomass, prior to the photobioreactor reduced Cu(II) concentration, thereby allowing the subsequent salicylate biodegradation in the photobioreactor. 相似文献
8.
Mougenot Benoit Doussoulin Jean-Pierre 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):1031-1047
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The growing concern over the change in climatic conditions and the management and conservation of biological resources makes it necessary to create... 相似文献
9.
Marek Korcz Janina Fudała Czesław Kliś 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(7):1410-1420
The assessment of the wind blown dust emission for Europe and selected regions of North Africa and Southwest Asia was carried out using a mesoscale model. The mesoscale model was parameterized based on the current literature review. The model provides data on PM10 emission from several dust reservoirs (anthropogenic, agriculture, semi- and natural) with spatial resolution of 10 × 10 km and temporal resolution of 1 h. The spatial variability of PM10 emission depends on soil texture, land cover/land use as well as meteorological conditions. Lands covered with water or permanently wet were excluded from the model. The land covered with vegetation is treated as dust reservoir whose dust emission capacity depends on the type of vegetation and cover. The dust reservoirs are divided into reservoirs with stable and unstable surface. The changes of emission in time depend on meteorological parameters.The wind blown dust emission should be treated as a non-continuous spatio-temporal process. The emissions are estimated with high uncertainty. The estimated PM10 yearly total load emitted by wind from the European territory is highly differentiated in space and time and is equal to 0.74 Tg. The total load of PM10 emitted by wind from North African and Southwest Asian land surface located in the vicinity of European boundaries is assessed as nearly 50% (0.43 Tg) of the total load estimated for the whole Europe.The average yearly PM10 emission factor for Europe was estimated at 0.139 Mg km?2.The PM10 emission from agricultural areas is estimated at 52% of the total wind blown emission from the domain of the European Union project “Improving and applying methods for the calculation of natural and biogenic emissions and assessment of impacts to the air quality” - NatAir.PM10 emission factor for natural areas of Europe is estimated at 0.021 Mg km?2. Appropriate factors for agricultural areas and anthropogenic areas are 0.157 Mg km?2 and 0.118 Mg km?2, respectively. The latter two factors are probably underestimated due to omitting in the model of other dust emission mechanisms than aeolian erosion. 相似文献
10.
Joke Muys Bettina Blaumeiser Yves Jacquemyn Claude Bandelier Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Winnie Courtens Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Philip Holmgren Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Marije Meuwissen Benoit Parmentier Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Olivier Vanakker Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(13):1120-1128