废气污染控制高新技术的研究与应用

列举了大量的事实，重点介绍了几种高新技术在废气污染控制中的研究与应用，说明了向环保发展迟缓领挑战依赖于科学技术，而环保的发展又向科学技术提出了更高的要求。     

论对社会弱势群体的职业卫生与安全的法律保护

结合对“社会弱势群体”含义、产生原因的分析以及对我国社会弱势群职业卫生与安全法律保护现状的总结，本文指出了法律对社会弱势群体职业卫生与安全给予倾斜性保护的重要意义，并进一步提出了加强对社会弱势群体职业卫生与安全法律保护具体措施的设想。     

高炉熔渣四辊离心法制取矿渣棉

以调质高炉渣为原料在实验室进行了四辊离心法制备矿渣棉实验.研究高炉渣滴落温度、粘度、离心辊径及转速等工艺参数对矿渣棉成纤效果的影响规律.结果表明,高炉渣滴落温度应控制在1 290~1 420℃之间,高炉渣粘度在1~3 Pa.s;四辊直径分别为1# 213 mm、2# 295 mm、3# 295 mm和4# 295 mm时,转速控制在1# 2 707~3 000 r/min、2# 3 093~4 000 r/min、3# 4 350~4 500 r/min和4# 5 000~5 800 r/min,成纤率较高,成纤效果良好.     

PDMDAAC改性膨润土对石油类污染物脱附行为的研究

石油类污染是水体环境主要的污染源之一,并且石油是不可再生资源,用吸附法处理含有石油类污染的废水有较好的处理效果.膨润土是一种优良的吸附剂,对其进行改性能提高其吸附石油类污染物的性能.改性膨润土在在含油废水处理方面得到广泛的应用,但其对石油类污染物脱附行为的研究还较少.本实验考察了搅拌时间、搅拌速度、pH、温度和盐度的变化对饱和吸附含油废水的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)改性膨润土脱附行为的影响,并通过正交实验优化了最佳脱附条件:搅拌时间为25 min,搅拌速度为200 r/min,pH为3,温度为35℃,在此条件下,脱附率可达92.05%.在最佳脱附条件下使其再生,并和原土进行了比较,通过脱附动力学研究了其脱附的过程.结果表明,饱和吸附含油废水的PDMDAAC改性膨润土在最优条件下,脱附率可达92.05%,可以用来回收石油;再生得到的改性膨润土用于处理含油废水,去除率在82.84%左右,可以重复使用来处理含油废水;准二级脱附动力学能较好地描述脱附过程.旨在探索改性膨润土的吸附及脱附的规律, 为膨润土用于含油废水处理奠定基础.     

面向工业污染源排放的城市大气环境系统韧性评价及其时空演化

关中城市群是西部地区两大城市群之一。在该区域内有较多重污染企业。为探索关中城市群各市大气环境系统的韧性水平,将韧性理念应用于城市大气环境系统,并以工业污染源排放为视角,建立基于风险矩阵理论 (RMA) 与PSR的韧性评价模型,利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法确定PSR权重,并采用Sobol方法对模型进行敏感性分析,实现对关中城市群2018—2020年城市大气环境系统韧性时序演化及空间分布的实证分析。结果表明：非甲烷总烃、甲醇、氟化物及硫化氢属于敏感参数,其中甲醇为高敏感参数;从时间维度看,2019年关中城市群各城市大气环境系统韧性水平普遍高于2018年和2020年;从空间维度看,关中城市群各城市大气环境系统韧性水平呈现出“非均衡不稳定性”,3年中仅有西安、渭南及平凉3市达到高度韧性水平,中低韧性区域占绝大部分。提出相应的区域大气污染控制策略,如加强城市间的经验交流和分工协作、发挥西安的辐射带动作用、实施韧性区分类管理等。本研究可为关中城市群城市大气环境系统韧性建设提供参考。     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremediation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses phenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37℃, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene (50 mg/L each) within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4℃, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.     

黄河三角洲贝壳海岛与植物多样性保护

根据1997－1999年调查，查清了黄河三角洲贝壳岛资源状况，研究了其高等植物物种多样性、植被类型、植物区系组成特点，分析了近年来因乱采滥挖贝壳资源对贝壳海岛和植物多样性破坏现状，提出了保护贝壳海岛和和植物多样性的对策与建议。     

我国地震应急预案体系的现状分析

地震应急是地震救援工作的重要组成部分,科学的制订地震应急救援预案是做好应急工作的前提.本文分析了目前我国地震应急预案体系的现状,总结了地震应急预案体系中存在的问题,对于丰富和完善地震应急预案体系,使政府及社会高效、有序地做好应急响应,减少人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要的现实意义.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

低温等离子体协同处理Hg~0、NO_x、SO_2的机理研究

低温等离子污染物处理技术具有工艺简单、可协同控制多种污染物、占地面积小等特点,是目前在污染物控制技术领域的研究热点。主要介绍气体放电产生低温等离子体去除污染物过程中存在的O2、CO2气体对污染物去除效率的影响、NO x和SO2对Hg去除效率的影响和加入H2O、NH3、HCl对污染物去除效率的影响研究。