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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Steen Smidt-Jensen Claes Lundsteen Anne-Marie Lind Kirsten Dinesen John Philip 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(10):957-969
Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS) was performed in 210 pregnancies from 13 to 38 weeks using a double-needle technique. The sampling success was comparable to first-trimester TA-CVS and the diagnostic success rate was 98.2 per cent for the short-term technique and 99.3 per cent for cultured villi. Two fetuses could not be karyotyped. We found the chromosome quality to be similar to that in the first trimester, comparing the number of G-bands and other chromosome attributes. There were no unintended losses in a group (n = 142) with no sonographic abnormality, except for one death in utero at 38 weeks, 20 weeks after sampling. Chromosomal aberrations were seen in 19 per cent of cases with abnormal sonograms (n = 58). One case of a discordant karyotype was found (false-negative prediction of Down's syndrome by the short-term preparation). There were no cases of fetal demise due to feto-maternal bleeding. It is suggested that double-needle TA-CVS in advanced pregnancies combines the advantages of rapid karyotyping of chromosomes of good quality and low risk for the fetus, and seems to be easier to practise and is probably safer than cordocentesis. 相似文献
2.
A Global Model Tracking Water, Nitrogen, and Land Inputs and Virtual Transfers from Industrialized Meat Production and Trade 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marshall Burke Kirsten Oleson Ellen McCullough Joanne Gaskell 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(2):179-193
Rising populations and incomes throughout the world have boosted meat demand by over 75% in the last 20years, intensifying
pressures on production systems and the natural resources to which they are linked. As a growing proportion of global meat
production is traded, the environmental impacts of production become increasingly separated from where the meat is consumed.
In this paper, we quantify the use of three important resources associated with industrial livestock production and trade—water,
land, and nitrogen—using a country-specific model that combines trade, agronomic, biogeochemical, and hydrological data. Our
model focuses on pigs and chickens, as these animals are raised predominantly in intensive systems using concentrated, compound
feeds. The results describe the geographical patterns of environmental resource use due to meat production, trade, and consumption.
We show that US feed, animal, and meat destined for export require almost as much nitrogen and land, and 20% more water, than
products destined for domestic consumption. Model results also demonstrate that among various production factors, improvements
in crop yields and animal feed conversion efficiencies result in the most significant reductions in environmental harm. By
explicitly tracking the externalities of meat production, we hope to bolster suppliers’ accountability and provide better
information to meat consumers.
相似文献
Kirsten OlesonEmail: |
3.
There are many challenges for developing and selecting methods to detect enteric viruses from food and environmental samples. Growth methods are rarely available and the viruses have a low infectious dose, so methods must be very sensitive as well as specific. This review discusses methods for sample preparation, detection and typing, outlining strengths and weaknesses for different protocols. Enteric viruses are very stable in the environment and the development of effective detection methods is an important step towards reducing contamination of foods and the environment. 相似文献
4.
Erik Jeppesen Martin Appelt Kirsten Hastrup Bjarne Grønnow Anders Mosbech John P. Smol Thomas A. Davidson 《Ambio》2018,47(2):296-309
Based on lake sediment data, archaeological findings, and historical records, we describe rapid transformations, resilience and resistance in societies and ecosystems, and their interactions in the past in the North Water area related to changes in climate and historical events. Examples are the formation of the polynya itself and the early arrival of people, ca. 4500 years ago, and later major human immigrations (different societies, cultural encounters, or abandonment) from other regions in the Arctic. While the early immigrations had relatively modest and localised effect on the ecosystem, the later-incoming culture in the early thirteenth century was marked by extensive migrations into and out of the area and abrupt shifts in hunting technologies. This has had long-lasting consequences for the local lake ecosystems. Large natural transformations in the ecosystems have also occurred over relatively short time periods related to changes in the polynya. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives for the North Water area given the many threats, but also opportunities. 相似文献
5.
6.
Urban area expansion is happening at much faster rates in Asian and African cities than elsewhere in the world. This study uses multi-temporal Landsat images to map the urban extent of six small to large cities in West Africa at four different time steps from the early 1970s–2010. The selected cities are Kumasi of Ghana, Daloa of Cote d’Ivoire, Abuja and Kano in Nigeria, Kindia of Guinea, and Ouagadougou of Burkina Faso. All cities revealed significant urban growth in both urban area and population; however, it was apparent that there was a lot of variability in urban area development. Exponential urban growth rates in the cities were measured as ranging between 0.026 and 0.077, with allometric scaling factors matching those of other countries. 相似文献
7.
Pompermaier Aline Kirsten Karina Soares Suelen Mendonça Fortuna Milena Kalichak Fabiana Idalencio Renan Koakoski Gessi Barreto Rodrigo Egydio Barcellos Leonardo José Gil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38559-38567
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to human activities, there is an increasing presence of agrochemicals residues in water bodies, which could be attributed to an increased use of... 相似文献
8.
Luís Costa Kirsten Thonicke Benjamin Poulter Franz-W. Badeck 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):543-551
Within the changing fire regimes of Portugal, the relative importance of humans and climatic variability for regional fire
statistics remains poorly understood. This work investigates the statistical relationship between temporal dynamics of fire
events in Portugal and a set of socioeconomic, landscape, and climatic variables for the time periods of 1980–1990, 1991–2000,
and extreme fires years. For 10 of 15 districts, it was possible to observe moderate shifts in the significance of fire drivers
for the first two decadal periods. For others, pronounced changes of the significance of fire drivers were found across time.
Results point toward a dynamic (perhaps highly non-linear) behavior of socioeconomic and landscape fire drivers, especially
during the occurrence of extreme fire years of 2003 and 2005. At country level, population density alone explained 42% of
the inter-annual and inter-district deviance in number of fires. At the same temporal and spatial scale, the explanatory power
of temperature anomalies proved to explain 43% of area burnt. We highlight the necessity of including a broad set of socioeconomic
and landscape fire drivers in order to account for potential significance shifts. In addition, although climate does trigger
broad favorable fire conditions across Portugal mainland, socioeconomic and landscape factors proved to determine much of
the complex fire patterns at a subnational scale. 相似文献
9.
Felicity Hayes Gina MillsHarry Harmens Kirsten Wyness 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2420-2426
Few studies have investigated effects of increased background ozone in the absence of episodic peaks, despite a predicted increase throughout the northern hemisphere over the coming decades. In this study Leontodon hispidus was grown with Anthoxanthum odoratum or Dactylis glomerata and exposed in the UK to one of eight background ozone concentrations for 20 weeks in solardomes. Seasonal mean ozone concentrations ranged from 21.4 to 102.5 ppb. Ozone-induced senescence of L. hispidus was enhanced when grown with the more open canopy of A. odoratum compared to the denser growing D. glomerata. There was increased cover with increasing ozone exposure for both A. odoratum and D. glomerata, which resulted in an increase in the grass:Leontodon cover ratio in both community types. Carry-over effects of the ozone exposure were observed, including delayed winter die-back of L. hispidus and acceleration in the progression from flowers to seed-heads in the year following ozone exposure. 相似文献
10.