排序方式: 共有6条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1
1.
牛栏江是金沙江的一级支流,为常流河,在昆明境内由多条河流汇集而成,通过对牛栏江流域(昆明段)水质现状分析,阐述了流域内存在的环境保护问题,提出相应的对策措施和建议. 相似文献
2.
为揭示不同比例作物秸秆和蔬菜尾菜堆肥过程中种子毒性变化及其影响机理,开展了为期55 d的以玉米(Zea mays L.)秸秆为辅料,绿花菜(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.)尾菜为主料的工厂化条垛堆肥,分别设置加入高(湿重比4∶12)和低(湿重比1∶12)比例秸秆与尾菜的堆肥处理.测定了不同时期堆肥p H、电导率(EC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、硝氮(NO3--N)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、碳氮比(C/N)、大白菜种子(Brassica rapa L.)的发芽指数(Germination Index,GI)、相对生长指数(Relative Growth Index,RGI)和α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶的变化.结果表明,高比例秸秆堆肥处理的高温(>55℃)持续期显著高于低比例处理.堆肥结束时两个处理的堆肥均呈碱性,且EC、DOC、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量均降低,C/N... 相似文献
3.
Local Participation in Natural Resource Monitoring: a Characterization of Approaches 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
FINN DANIELSEN NEIL D. BURGESS ANDREW BALMFORD PAUL F. DONALD MIKKEL FUNDER JULIA P. G. JONES PHILIP ALVIOLA DANILO S. BALETE TOM BLOMLEY JUSTIN BRASHARES BRIAN CHILD MARTIN ENGHOFF JON FJELDSÅ SUNE HOLT HANNE HÜBERTZ ARNE E. JENSEN PER M. JENSEN JOHN MASSAO MARLYNN M. MENDOZA YONIKA NGAGA MICHAEL K. POULSEN RICARDO RUEDA MOSES SAM THOMAS SKIELBOE GREG STUART‐HILL ELMER TOPP‐JØRGENSEN DEKI YONTEN 《Conservation biology》2009,23(1):31-42
Abstract: The monitoring of trends in the status of species or habitats is routine in developed countries, where it is funded by the state or large nongovernmental organizations and often involves large numbers of skilled amateur volunteers. Far less monitoring of natural resources takes place in developing countries, where state agencies have small budgets, there are fewer skilled professionals or amateurs, and socioeconomic conditions prevent development of a culture of volunteerism. The resulting lack of knowledge about trends in species and habitats presents a serious challenge for detecting, understanding, and reversing declines in natural resource values. International environmental agreements require signatories undertake systematic monitoring of their natural resources, but no system exists to guide the development and expansion of monitoring schemes. To help develop such a protocol, we suggest a typology of monitoring categories, defined by their degree of local participation, ranging from no local involvement with monitoring undertaken by professional researchers to an entirely local effort with monitoring undertaken by local people. We assessed the strengths and weaknesses of each monitoring category and the potential of each to be sustainable in developed or developing countries. Locally based monitoring is particularly relevant in developing countries, where it can lead to rapid decisions to solve the key threats affecting natural resources, can empower local communities to better manage their resources, and can refine sustainable‐use strategies to improve local livelihoods. Nevertheless, we recognize that the accuracy and precision of the monitoring undertaken by local communities in different situations needs further study and field protocols need to be further developed to get the best from the unrealized potential of this approach. A challenge to conservation biologists is to identify and establish the monitoring system most relevant to a particular situation and to develop methods to integrate outputs from across the spectrum of monitoring schemes to produce wider indices of natural resources that capture the strengths of each. 相似文献
4.
对比研究槽式堆肥处理不同畜禽粪便对植物毒性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示槽式堆肥过程中不同畜禽粪便堆肥理化性质的变化及其对植物毒性的影响,分别开展了以羊、牛、鸡、猪粪便与木屑为堆料、为期44 d的好氧槽式堆肥对比试验,采集了不同堆肥期的堆肥样品,测定了堆肥的pH、电导率(EC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、硝氮(NO3--N)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量及水堇的相对生长指数(RGI)和种子发芽指数(GI),并通过相关分析和线性回归拟合,分析了堆肥过程粪便对水堇种子植物毒性的影响机制.结果表明,槽式堆肥过程中,羊粪的高温期持续时间最长,牛粪其次,猪粪和鸡粪最短;堆肥结束时4种粪便均呈弱碱性.堆肥过程中猪粪和鸡粪的EC降低,其他粪便的EC变化幅度较小,各粪便的DOC、NH4+-N含量降低,NO3--N、TP、TK、Cu和Zn含量增加,牛粪和鸡粪的C/N逐渐降低,而猪粪和羊粪的C/N呈先升后降的趋势,羊粪和猪粪的TN含量下降,鸡粪和牛粪的TN含量缓慢上升.堆肥过程中4种粪便对水堇种子的植物毒性均降低,且RGI和GI升幅由高到低为:牛粪 > 羊粪 > 鸡粪 > 猪粪.相关分析表明,堆肥过程中羊粪的TP、Cu、Zn,牛粪的Zn、TK、TP、NO3--N,鸡粪的NO3--N、TN、Cu,猪粪的NO3--N、TP、Zn、TK与RGI呈显著正相关(p<0.01);而羊粪的Cu、TP、TK,牛粪的Zn、TK、TP,鸡粪的Cu、TN、NO3--N、TK,猪粪的TP、Zn、NO3--N与GI呈显著正相关(p<0.01).由此表明,不同粪便堆肥的以上指标促进了植物的根伸长和种子发芽.但堆肥过程中羊粪的NH4+-N、TN、DOC,牛粪的NH4+-N、DOC、C/N、EC,鸡粪的C/N、EC、DOC,猪粪的NH4+-N、DOC、EC与RGI呈显著负相关(p<0.01);羊粪的NH4+-N、TN、DOC,牛粪的NH4+-N、DOC、C/N,鸡粪EC、DOC、C/N,猪粪的NH4+-N、DOC、EC与GI呈显著负相关(p<0.01).由此表明,不同粪便的以上指标显著抑制了植物的根伸长和种子发芽.多元回归分析说明,堆肥过程羊粪和牛粪的NH4+-N,鸡粪的NO3--N、Cu、C/N和EC,猪粪的NO3--N和TK对水堇种子根伸长具有显著的影响,而羊粪的NH4+-N和TK,牛粪的DOC、pH和EC,鸡粪Cu、TN和NO3--N,猪粪的TK对水堇种子发芽具有显著的影响.以上对比研究结果可为不同畜禽粪便槽式堆肥处理和土地利用提供重要的理论依据和决策支持. 相似文献
5.
除草剂草甘膦在土壤中的吸附行为 总被引:17,自引:4,他引:17
研究了除草剂草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附行为, 观察了pH和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响. 结果表明:草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律, 吸附等温线均为直线,吸附常数Kd 2.2207~3.5280mL/g; 随着离子强度的降低, 草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附量明显增大; 随着pH(9~3)逐渐减小, 草甘膦在呼和浩特特市土壤和东胜土壤中的吸附量增大, 在杭锦2号土中的吸附量先增大, 在pH=7时达到最大值, pH=5时开始下降, 下降到4时的吸附量与pH=9时的相等. 相似文献
6.
为揭示不同配比农业废物堆肥过程中阴阳离子和大分子对植物毒性的影响机理,开展了以鸡粪和猪粪为主料,稻草秸秆为辅料的条垛堆肥试验,设置的试验处理包括:等质量的鸡粪+稻草秸秆+包菜(1∶1∶1)处理(T1)、鸡粪+稻草秸秆(1∶1)处理(T2)、大量猪粪+少量稻草秸秆(85∶15)处理(T3).测定了各处理的堆温、堆肥的水溶性无机阴阳离子和有机大分子变化,以及对大白菜(Brassica rapa L.)和水堇(Lepidium sativum. L.)种子发芽指数(Germination Index, GI)等指标变化的影响.试验结果表明,T3处理堆肥的高温(>55 ℃)持续期最长,杀灭病原微生物和杂草种子的能力最好,且其堆肥的Cl-、S O 4 2 - ![]()
![]()
、K+、Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度最低;T2处理堆肥的N H 4 + ![]()
![]()
浓度最低.T1和T2处理堆肥过程中堆肥的脂肪烃可转化为稳定的芳香烃.T3处理堆肥对大白菜和水堇的种子发芽指数大于80%.堆肥中抑制种子发芽的阴阳离子及大分子浓度分别为:Ca2+浓度>0.98 mmol·L-1,Mg2+浓度>0.92 mmol·L-1,N H 4 + ![]()
![]()
浓度均>5.75 mmol·L-1,芳香C/多糖比值>0.33,羧基C/多糖比值>0.30.堆肥中脂肪族大分子增加、多糖类大分子减少可抑制种子发芽.综上所述,猪粪与稻草秸秆的质量配比为85∶15、初始C/N比为25、初始水分含量为60%、 堆肥期周为35 d是条垛式堆肥处理猪粪和稻草秸秆的最佳工艺参数.大白菜比水堇种子更能准确反映农业废物堆肥的植物毒性.本研究可为优化不同畜禽粪便与农作物秸秆的条垛堆肥工艺参数、减少土地利用的风险提供重要的决策支持. 相似文献
1